United States · Election results history

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Each election opens in its own mode: the forecast before the votes are counted, the live count while races are still too close to call, and the results once every race is decided.

US election results history, by state and county

Every presidential election since 1868, Senate elections since 1914, governors since 1865 and the House since 1990. Each year has its own page: the result in every state, the closest races, the states that changed party, and a map of every county. Every state in every year has its own page too, and our sources page says where the figures come from and how each was checked.

Presidential elections

Year	Result	Electoral votes	Margin, all votes
2024	Donald Trump won a second, non-consecutive term, beating Vice President Kamala Harris by 312 electoral votes to 226 and sweeping all seven battleground states.	312-226 electoral votes	R+1.5
2020	Joe Biden defeated President Donald Trump, 306 electoral votes to 232, flipping Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin during the COVID-19 pandemic.	306-232 electoral votes	D+4.5
2016	Donald Trump won the presidency with 304 electoral votes by narrowly carrying Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, even though Hillary Clinton won the national popular vote.	304-227-7 electoral votes	D+2.1
2012	Barack Obama won re-election over Mitt Romney, 332 electoral votes to 206, holding almost every state he had won in 2008.	332-206 electoral votes	D+3.9
2008	Barack Obama won the presidency in a decisive victory over John McCain, carrying 365 electoral votes and becoming the first Black American elected president.	365-173 electoral votes	D+7.3
2004	George W. Bush won re-election over John Kerry, 286 electoral votes to 251, with Ohio deciding the outcome in a campaign dominated by Iraq and terrorism.	286-251-1 electoral votes	R+2.5
2000	George W. Bush won the presidency after a 36-day dispute over Florida, finishing with 271 electoral votes to Al Gore's 266 while losing the national popular vote.	271-266 electoral votes	D+0.5
1996	Bill Clinton won a second term over Republican Bob Dole, 379 electoral votes to 159, helped by a strong economy and a backlash against the Republican Congress.	379-159 electoral votes	D+8.5
1992	Bill Clinton ousted President George H.W. Bush, winning 370 electoral votes in a three-way race in which Ross Perot took close to a fifth of the vote.	370-168 electoral votes	D+5.6
1988	Vice President George H.W. Bush beat Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis by 426 electoral votes to 111, winning what amounted to a third Reagan term.	426-111-1 electoral votes	R+7.7
1984	Ronald Reagan won a second term by carrying 49 states and 525 electoral votes, the largest electoral total in history, against Democrat Walter Mondale.	525-13 electoral votes	R+18.2
1980	Ronald Reagan defeated President Jimmy Carter by 489 electoral votes to 49, carrying 44 states as high inflation and the Iran hostage crisis sank Carter.	489-49 electoral votes	R+9.7
1976	Jimmy Carter, a former governor of Georgia, defeated President Gerald Ford by 297 electoral votes to 240, rebuilding the Democratic hold on the South.	297-240-1 electoral votes	D+2.1
1972	Richard Nixon won re-election in a 49-state landslide over George McGovern, who carried only Massachusetts and the District of Columbia.	520-17-1 electoral votes	R+23.1
1968	Richard Nixon won the presidency over Hubert Humphrey in a year of war and unrest, while George Wallace carried five Southern states as a third-party candidate.	301-191-46 electoral votes	R+0.7
1964	Lyndon B. Johnson won a full term with 486 electoral votes, routing Barry Goldwater, who carried only Arizona and five states of the Deep South.	486-52 electoral votes	D+22.6
1960	John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Vice President Richard Nixon, 303 electoral votes to 219, in one of the closest popular votes of the twentieth century.	303-219-15 electoral votes	D+0.2
1956	Eisenhower easily beat Adlai Stevenson II in a rematch, winning 41 states and 457 electoral votes as peace and prosperity carried him to a second term.	457-73-1 electoral votes	R+15.4
1952	Dwight D. Eisenhower, the wartime commander in Europe, won the presidency in a landslide over Adlai Stevenson II, ending 20 years of Democratic control of the White House.	442-89 electoral votes	R+10.9
1948	Harry S. Truman pulled off the most famous upset in American presidential history, beating Thomas E. Dewey 303 electoral votes to 189 despite polls showing him well behind.	303-189-39 electoral votes	D+4.5
1944	In the middle of the Second World War, Roosevelt won a fourth term, beating New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey by 432 electoral votes to 99.	432-99 electoral votes	D+7.5
1940	Franklin D. Roosevelt broke the two-term tradition, winning a third term over Republican businessman Wendell Willkie with 449 electoral votes as war spread across Europe.	449-82 electoral votes	D+10.0
1936	Roosevelt won re-election in one of the biggest landslides in American history, carrying 46 of 48 states and beating Alf Landon 523 electoral votes to 8.	523-8 electoral votes	D+24.3
1932	Franklin D. Roosevelt crushed Herbert Hoover in the depths of the Great Depression, winning 42 states and 472 electoral votes.	472-59 electoral votes	D+17.8
1928	Herbert Hoover beat Al Smith, the first Catholic major-party nominee, by 444 electoral votes to 87, breaking into the solidly Democratic South.	444-87 electoral votes	R+17.4
1924	Calvin Coolidge won a full term with 382 electoral votes, while Democrat John W. Davis held the South and Robert La Follette's Progressive run carried Wisconsin.	382-136-13 electoral votes	R+25.2
1920	Warren G. Harding won a sweeping Republican victory over James M. Cox, taking 37 states and 404 electoral votes on a promise of a return to normalcy.	404-127 electoral votes	R+26.2
1916	Woodrow Wilson narrowly won re-election over Charles Evans Hughes, 277 electoral votes to 254, after California swung to him by a fraction of a point.	277-254 electoral votes	D+3.1
1912	Woodrow Wilson won the presidency with 435 electoral votes as Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party bid split the Republican vote with President William Howard Taft.	435-8-88 electoral votes	D+18.7
1908	William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt's chosen successor, beat William Jennings Bryan, who lost his third and final run for the presidency.	321-162 electoral votes	R+8.5
1904	Theodore Roosevelt won a full term in his own right, defeating conservative Democrat Alton B. Parker by 336 electoral votes to 140.	336-140 electoral votes	R+18.9
1900	McKinley beat Bryan again, by a wider margin, as Republicans campaigned on prosperity and victory in the Spanish-American War.	292-155 electoral votes	R+6.2
1896	Republican William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan in a contest fought over gold and silver, starting a long period of Republican dominance.	271-176 electoral votes	R+4.3
1892	Grover Cleveland won back the White House from Benjamin Harrison, becoming the first president to serve two non-consecutive terms, while the Populists carried five Western states.	277-145-22 electoral votes	D+3.0
1888	Benjamin Harrison unseated Grover Cleveland, winning the Electoral College 233 to 168 by flipping New York and Indiana even though Cleveland led the popular vote.	233-168 electoral votes	D+0.8
1884	Grover Cleveland became the first Democrat to win the presidency since before the Civil War, edging James G. Blaine after carrying New York by about a thousand votes.	219-182 electoral votes	D+0.6
1880	James A. Garfield beat fellow Civil War general Winfield Scott Hancock in one of the closest popular votes on record, while winning the Electoral College 214 to 155.	214-155 electoral votes	R+0.1
1876	Samuel J. Tilden won the popular vote, but disputed returns from three Southern states gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency by a single electoral vote, 185 to 184.	185-184 electoral votes	D+3.0
1872	Grant won a second term in a landslide over Horace Greeley, who carried six states and then died before the Electoral College met, scattering his electors.	286-0-63 electoral votes	R+11.6
1868	Ulysses S. Grant, the Union's leading general, won the presidency for the Republicans, beating New York Democrat Horatio Seymour by 214 electoral votes to 80.	214-80 electoral votes	R+5.3

Senate elections

Year	Result	Seats	Margin, all votes
2024	Donald Trump returned to the White House and Republicans gained four Senate seats, taking control of the chamber with a 53-47 majority.	D 17, R 14, other 2 seats	D+1.3
2022	Democrats defied midterm history and gained a Senate seat, flipping Pennsylvania and holding every seat they defended to win a 51-49 majority.	D 15, R 19 seats	D+0.3
2020	Democrats gained Arizona and Colorado in November, then won both Georgia seats in January runoffs, producing a 50-50 Senate with Vice President Kamala Harris breaking ties.	D 13, R 20 seats	R+2.6
2018	Democrats won 22 of the Senate seats up and took the House in Trump's midterm, but Republicans gained two Senate seats by beating incumbents in Trump states.	D 21, R 10, other 2 seats	D+14.3
2016	Donald Trump won the presidency and Republicans kept the Senate, though Democrats gained two seats by taking Illinois and, by about a thousand votes, New Hampshire.	D 12, R 22 seats	D+6.7
2014	Republicans won 22 of the Senate seats up and gained nine, taking control of the Senate in Obama's second midterm and making Mitch McConnell majority leader.	D 11, R 22 seats	R+7.1
2012	Obama won a second term and Democrats took 23 of the Senate seats up, gaining two overall after Republican candidates stumbled in Indiana and Missouri.	D 23, R 8, other 2 seats	D+11.8
2010	Republicans won 24 of the Senate seats up and gained six in a Tea Party midterm, though Democrats held on to their majority.	D 10, R 23, other 1 seats	R+5.8
2008	Barack Obama won the presidency in a financial crisis, and Democrats took 20 of the Senate seats up and gained eight, moving close to a 60-seat majority.	D 20, R 13 seats	D+7.4
2006	Democrats won 23 of the Senate seats up and gained six, taking control of the chamber as voters turned against George W. Bush and the Iraq War.	D 22, R 9, other 2 seats	D+11.5
2004	Bush won re-election and Republicans took 19 of the Senate seats up, gaining four overall and defeating Democratic leader Tom Daschle in South Dakota.	D 15, R 19 seats	D+4.4
2002	Republicans won 21 of the Senate seats up and regained control in a midterm dominated by the September 11 attacks and the coming war with Iraq.	D 12, R 21 seats	R+4.1
2000	Democrats won 18 of the Senate seats up and gained four, leaving the chamber split 50-50 in the year of the disputed Bush-Gore presidential election.	D 18, R 15 seats	D+0.1
1998	With Clinton facing impeachment, Democrats won 18 of the Senate seats up and the parties broke even, leaving the Republican majority at 55-45.	D 18, R 16 seats	D+2.2
1996	Clinton won a second term, but Republicans took 20 of the Senate seats up and added two to their majority, mostly by winning open seats in the South.	D 13, R 20 seats	R+1.5
1994	Republicans won 19 of the Senate seats up and gained eight in the 1994 wave, taking control of the Senate and the House from Bill Clinton's Democrats.	D 14, R 19 seats	R+5.7
1992	Bill Clinton won the presidency in the "Year of the Woman" as Democrats took 19 of the Senate seats up and the number of women senators rose sharply.	D 19, R 15 seats	D+5.4
1990	Democrats won 17 of the Senate seats up and gained one, Minnesota, in a midterm dominated by a budget fight and the Gulf crisis.	D 17, R 16 seats	D+4.7
1988	George H.W. Bush won the presidency, but Democrats took 19 of the Senate seats up and kept their 55-45 majority as gains and losses cancelled out.	D 19, R 14 seats	D+5.8
1986	Democrats won 20 of the Senate seats up and gained eight, retaking the chamber six years after losing it, as many of the Republicans first elected in 1980 were defeated.	D 20, R 14 seats	D+1.7
1984	Reagan won 49 states, but Democrats took 17 of the Senate seats up and made a small net gain, while Republicans kept control of the chamber.	D 16, R 17 seats	D+0.3
1982	Despite a deep recession, the Senate barely changed in Reagan's first midterm: Republicans kept their majority as only a handful of seats changed hands.	D 20, R 13 seats	D+10.4
1980	Ronald Reagan's landslide carried Republicans to 22 of the Senate seats up and a gain of 12, giving them control of the chamber for the first time since the 1950s.	D 12, R 22 seats	D+5.6
1978	Republicans won 18 of the Senate seats up in Carter's midterm and gained three seats overall, as inflation and a tax revolt hurt the Democrats.	D 14, R 19 seats	D+4.4
1976	Jimmy Carter won the presidency while Democrats took 22 of the 33 Senate seats up, though so many incumbents lost that the party's majority barely changed.	D 21, R 11, other 1 seats	D+12.1
1974	Three months after Richard Nixon resigned over Watergate, Democrats won 22 of the Senate seats up and added to their majority, while New Hampshire's race ended in a near tie.	D 24, R 10 seats	D+15.2
1972	Nixon won 49 states, yet Democrats split the Senate races 16 to 16 and made a small net gain, with 29-year-old Joe Biden winning in Delaware.	D 16, R 17 seats	R+6.9
1970	Democrats won 23 of the 33 Senate seats up in Nixon's first midterm, but Republicans made a small net gain, taking Tennessee, Ohio, Maryland and Connecticut.	D 21, R 10, other 2 seats	D+11.8
1968	Richard Nixon won the presidency and Republicans gained five Senate seats, winning 16 of the 33 up, though Democrats kept a clear majority.	D 18, R 16 seats	D+1.6
1966	Republicans won 18 of the seats up and gained ground in Johnson's midterm, as the Vietnam War, inflation and urban unrest wore down the Democrats.	D 15, R 18 seats	R+3.2
1964	Lyndon Johnson's landslide helped Democrats win 26 of the 33 Senate seats up and push their majority to more than two-thirds of the chamber.	D 26, R 7 seats	D+14.8
1962	Democrats won 22 of the Senate seats up in Kennedy's midterm and gained ground, helped by the Cuban missile crisis that broke weeks before the vote.	D 23, R 11 seats	D+0.9
1960	John F. Kennedy narrowly won the White House, but Republicans took 13 of the seats up and gained Delaware and Wyoming, trimming the large Democratic majority.	D 20, R 13 seats	D+11.1
1958	Democrats won 24 of the seats up and gained a dozen states in a recession midterm, one of the largest Senate gains for either party in the century.	D 26, R 8 seats	D+12.6
1956	Eisenhower won a second term in a landslide, but Democrats took 17 of the Senate seats up and kept their narrow majority as several states traded places.	D 17, R 15 seats	D+2.8
1954	Democrats won 21 of the Senate seats up in Eisenhower's first midterm and regained control of the chamber, which they would hold for the next 26 years.	D 21, R 10, other 1 seats	D+12.5
1952	Dwight Eisenhower's victory helped Republicans win 19 of the Senate seats up and take narrow control, though John F. Kennedy beat Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. in Massachusetts.	D 12, R 20 seats	R+7.2
1950	Republicans won 17 of the Senate seats up and gained seven states in a midterm fought over the Korean War and communism, though Democrats kept a slim majority.	D 15, R 17 seats	R+1.7
1948	Harry Truman's surprise win came with a Democratic Senate comeback: the party won 23 of the 32 seats up, gained eight states and retook the chamber.	D 23, R 9 seats	D+13.7
1946	Republicans won 20 of the seats up and gained nine states, taking control of the Senate as voters turned against Truman's Democrats.	D 11, R 21 seats	R+11.0
1944	Roosevelt won a fourth term while Democrats took 21 of the 30 Senate seats up and the overall balance of the chamber barely moved.	D 21, R 11 seats	D+6.5
1942	Republicans won 17 of the Senate seats up in the first wartime midterm after Pearl Harbor, gaining nine states while Democrats kept their majority.	D 15, R 17 seats	R+2.4
1940	As Roosevelt broke tradition to win a third term, Democrats took 20 of the 30 Senate seats up and kept firm control, with Harry Truman narrowly re-elected in Missouri.	D 21, R 10, other 1 seats	R+0.6
1938	Republicans recovered in the 1938 midterm, winning 10 of the seats up and gaining five states, though Democrats kept a large Senate majority.	D 22, R 10 seats	D+5.4
1936	Roosevelt's 46-state landslide carried Democrats to 24 of the 32 Senate seats up, leaving Republicans with only a small bloc in the chamber.	D 24, R 6, other 2 seats	D+17.6
1934	Democrats won 24 of the 30 Senate seats up and added to their majority in a midterm, a rare result that gave Roosevelt's New Deal a strong endorsement.	D 23, R 7, other 2 seats	D+6.0
1932	Franklin Roosevelt's landslide swept Democrats to 27 of the 32 Senate seats up, and the party took control of the chamber for the first time since 1918.	D 27, R 5 seats	D+15.1
1930	A year into the Great Depression, Democrats won 19 of the seats up and gained seven states, leaving the Senate almost evenly split.	D 19, R 13 seats	D+8.2
1928	Herbert Hoover's landslide over Al Smith helped Republicans win 19 of the Senate seats up and take back a string of seats in the North and border states.	D 13, R 18, other 1 seats	R+13.9
1926	Democrats gained six seats in Coolidge's midterm, including New York and Kentucky, cutting the Republican Senate majority to a narrow margin.	D 13, R 19 seats	R+5.2
1924	Calvin Coolidge's easy victory helped Republicans win 20 of the 30 Senate seats up, including a Massachusetts gain from Democrat David Walsh.	D 12, R 20 seats	R+10.2
1922	Democrats won 20 of the seats up as a postwar recession and farm distress cut into the large Republican majority won two years earlier.	D 21, R 10, other 1 seats	R+1.6
1920	Warren Harding's landslide carried Republicans to 25 of the 30 Senate seats up, as Democrats lost a dozen states and were reduced to their Southern base.	D 7, R 25 seats	R+16.5
1918	Republicans won 17 of the Senate seats up in the last wartime election of the First World War and took control of the chamber from Wilson's Democrats.	D 14, R 18 seats	R+1.1
1916	Woodrow Wilson won a second term while Democrats kept their Senate majority, though Republicans took 15 of the 31 seats up and unseated Majority Leader John Kern.	D 16, R 16 seats	R+5.3
1914	In the first regular Senate elections decided by popular vote, Democrats won 17 of the seats up and Republicans 12, keeping Woodrow Wilson's party in control.	D 18, R 13 seats	R+0.8

Governor elections

Year	Result	Governorships	Margin, all votes
2025	Democrats won both governor races in 2025, with Mikie Sherrill holding New Jersey and Abigail Spanberger taking Virginia from the Republicans, each by about 15 points.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+14.9
2024	No governorship changed party in 2024, as Republicans won eight of 11 races and Democrats held North Carolina, Washington and Delaware.	D 3, R 8 governorships	R+3.9
2023	Andy Beshear won re-election in Kentucky in 2023, while Republicans took Louisiana with Jeff Landry and held Mississippi with Tate Reeves.	D 1, R 2 governorships	R+7.2
2022	Democrats made a net gain of two governorships in 2022, winning Maryland, Massachusetts and Arizona, while Republican Joe Lombardo unseated Steve Sisolak in Nevada.	D 18, R 18 governorships	D+0.3
2021	Republican Glenn Youngkin won Virginia in 2021, ending eight years of Democratic governors, while Phil Murphy held New Jersey by just over three points.	D 1, R 1 governorships	D+0.3
2020	Republicans won eight of 11 governor races in 2020, gaining Montana with Greg Gianforte, while Roy Cooper held North Carolina for the Democrats.	D 3, R 8 governorships	R+8.3
2019	Democrat Andy Beshear unseated Matt Bevin in Kentucky by 0.4 points in 2019, John Bel Edwards won again in Louisiana, and Republican Tate Reeves held Mississippi.	D 2, R 1 governorships	level
2018	Democrats took seven governorships from Republicans in 2018, including Michigan, Wisconsin and Kansas, though Republicans won 20 races to 16 and held Florida and Georgia.	D 16, R 20 governorships	D+3.1
2017	Democrats won both governor races of 2017, with Phil Murphy taking New Jersey from the Republicans and Ralph Northam beating Ed Gillespie in Virginia.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+11.3
2016	Each party won six governor races in 2016 as Donald Trump took the presidency; Republicans gained Missouri, New Hampshire and Vermont, and Democrat Roy Cooper won North Carolina.	D 6, R 6 governorships	R+2.0
2015	Republican Matt Bevin won Kentucky in 2015 and Phil Bryant was re-elected in Mississippi, while Democrat John Bel Edwards beat David Vitter to take Louisiana.	D 1, R 2 governorships	R+6.6
2014	Republicans won 25 governor races to 11 in 2014, taking Democratic states such as Illinois, Maryland and Massachusetts, though Democrats gained Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.	D 11, R 24, other 1 governorships	R+4.1
2013	Chris Christie won re-election in New Jersey by 22 points in 2013, while Democrat Terry McAuliffe narrowly took Virginia from the Republicans.	D 1, R 1 governorships	R+9.5
2012	Democrats won seven of 11 governor races in 2012 as Barack Obama was re-elected, but Republican Pat McCrory took North Carolina, the only state to change party.	D 7, R 4 governorships	R+1.9
2011	Steve Beshear won a second term in Kentucky in 2011, while Republicans Bobby Jindal and Phil Bryant won easily in Louisiana and Mississippi.	D 2, R 2 governorships	R+16.7
2010	Republicans won 22 governor races to 13 in the 2010 wave, taking Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin and others, though Democrats won California, Minnesota and Connecticut.	D 13, R 23, other 1 governorships	R+0.7
2009	Republicans took both governorships in 2009, with Chris Christie unseating Jon Corzine in New Jersey and Bob McDonnell winning Virginia by 17 points.	D 0, R 2 governorships	R+9.8
2008	Democrats won seven of 11 governor races as Barack Obama was elected in 2008, taking Missouri, while Bev Perdue became North Carolina's first woman governor.	D 7, R 4 governorships	D+3.0
2007	Bobby Jindal won Louisiana outright in 2007 and Haley Barbour was re-elected in Mississippi, while Democrat Steve Beshear unseated Ernie Fletcher in Kentucky.	D 1, R 2 governorships	R+13.1
2006	Democrats won 20 governor races to 15 in 2006 and took six states from Republicans, including New York, Ohio, Massachusetts and Maryland, in a wave midterm.	D 20, R 16 governorships	D+6.1
2005	Democrats held both governorships in 2005, with Jon Corzine winning New Jersey and Tim Kaine winning Virginia as George W. Bush's popularity fell.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+8.3
2004	Washington's 2004 governor race was decided by 133 votes after two recounts, as Democrats won six of 11 races and Republicans took Indiana and Missouri.	D 6, R 5 governorships	D+0.6
2003	Republicans won Kentucky and Mississippi in 2003, with Ernie Fletcher and Haley Barbour taking both from Democrats, while Kathleen Blanco beat Bobby Jindal in Louisiana.	D 1, R 3 governorships	R+13.3
2002	Republicans won 21 governor races to 14 in 2002, but the map saw heavy turnover: 18 states changed party, with each side taking several big ones.	D 14, R 22 governorships	R+5.0
2001	Democrats took both governorships in 2001, with James McGreevey winning New Jersey and Mark Warner winning Virginia weeks after the September 11 attacks.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+10.3
2000	Democrats won eight of 11 governor races in 2000 as George W. Bush narrowly took the presidency, gaining West Virginia and holding Missouri by under a point.	D 8, R 3 governorships	D+7.4
1999	Democrat Ronnie Musgrove won Mississippi's governorship in 1999 after the state House decided a race with no majority winner, while Kentucky and Louisiana re-elected their governors.	D 2, R 1 governorships	R+7.2
1998	Republicans won 25 governor races to the Democrats' ten in 1998, though Democrats took California and Alabama and Reform Party candidate Jesse Ventura won Minnesota.	D 11, R 23, other 2 governorships	R+7.5
1997	Republicans won both governor races in 1997, as Christine Todd Whitman narrowly held New Jersey and James S. Gilmore III won Virginia on a promise to cut the car tax.	D 0, R 2 governorships	R+6.2
1996	Democrats won seven of 11 governor races in 1996 as Bill Clinton was re-elected, with Jeanne Shaheen taking New Hampshire and Republicans gaining West Virginia.	D 7, R 4 governorships	D+6.3
1995	Republicans won two of three governor races in 1995, with Mike Foster taking Louisiana and Kirk Fordice re-elected in Mississippi, while Democrat Paul E. Patton narrowly held Kentucky.	D 1, R 2 governorships	R+14.6
1994	Republicans won 24 governor races in 1994 and gained ten states, among them New York, Texas and Pennsylvania, as the party took Congress in a wave election.	D 11, R 24, other 1 governorships	R+12.1
1993	Republicans swept the 1993 governor races, with Christine Todd Whitman unseating James J. Florio in New Jersey and George Allen winning Virginia in a landslide.	D 0, R 2 governorships	R+7.9
1992	Bill Clinton's 1992 victory came with eight Democratic wins in 12 governor races, as Democrats took Missouri, North Carolina and Delaware and Republicans gained North Dakota.	D 8, R 4 governorships	D+11.5
1991	Kirk Fordice became Mississippi's first Republican governor since Reconstruction in 1991, while Edwin Edwards beat David Duke in Louisiana and Fife Symington won an Arizona runoff.	D 2, R 1 governorships	D+18.6
1990	The 1990 governor races brought heavy turnover: Democrats won 19 and Republicans 16, with Ann Richards taking Texas and Republicans winning Massachusetts, Michigan and Ohio.	D 19, R 15, other 2 governorships	D+4.9
1989	L. Douglas Wilder won Virginia by 0.4 points in 1989 to become the first elected Black governor in U.S. history, and James J. Florio won New Jersey.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+13.6
1988	George H. W. Bush won the presidency in 1988 while Democrats took Indiana and West Virginia, though Republicans won seven of 12 governor races and gained Montana.	D 5, R 7 governorships	R+2.7
1987	Democrats won all three governor races in 1987, as Buddy Roemer ended Edwin Edwards's tenure in Louisiana and Ray Mabus was elected in Mississippi.	D 3, R 0 governorships	D+16.6
1986	Republicans gained 11 governorships in 1986, including Texas, Florida and Wisconsin, even as Democrats won 18 races to 17 and retook the Senate.	D 19, R 17 governorships	D+2.6
1985	Thomas H. Kean won re-election in New Jersey by 40 points in 1985, while Democrat Gerald L. Baliles kept Virginia's governorship in Democratic hands.	D 1, R 1 governorships	R+19.7
1984	Reagan's 49-state landslide helped Republicans win eight of 13 governor races in 1984, gaining North Carolina, West Virginia, Utah and Rhode Island.	D 5, R 8 governorships	R+3.2
1983	Democrats won all three governor races of 1983, with Martha Layne Collins elected in Kentucky and Edwin W. Edwards ousting Republican David C. Treen in Louisiana.	D 3, R 0 governorships	D+19.0
1982	A deep recession helped Democrats win 26 governor races to nine in 1982, gaining eight states including Texas, Ohio, Michigan and Bill Clinton's Arkansas.	D 27, R 9 governorships	D+8.6
1981	Republican Thomas H. Kean won New Jersey by about a tenth of a point in 1981, while Democrat Charles S. Robb took Virginia back from the Republicans.	D 1, R 1 governorships	D+2.7
1980	Ronald Reagan's victory year saw Republicans win seven of 13 governor races and gain four states, with Frank D. White unseating a young Bill Clinton in Arkansas.	D 6, R 7 governorships	level
1979	Republican Dave Treen won Louisiana by under a point in 1979, the party's first governorship there since Reconstruction, while Democrats held Kentucky and Mississippi.	D 2, R 1 governorships	D+10.7
1978	Democrats won 21 governor races to 14 in 1978, but Republicans gained nine states, including Texas, where Bill Clements became the first Republican governor since Reconstruction.	D 21, R 15 governorships	D+4.4
1977	Brendan T. Byrne won a second term in New Jersey in 1977, and Republican John N. Dalton defeated Henry Howell in Virginia.	D 1, R 1 governorships	D+4.1
1976	Jimmy Carter's win came with nine Democratic governor victories to five Republican ones in 1976, as each party took several states from the other.	D 9, R 5 governorships	R+1.6
1975	Democrats swept the three governor races of 1975, with Julian Carroll winning Kentucky, Edwin W. Edwards re-elected in Louisiana and Cliff Finch taking Mississippi.	D 3, R 0 governorships	D+37.3
1974	Watergate gave Democrats a sweeping 1974, as they won 28 governor races and took nine states from Republicans, including California, New York and Massachusetts.	D 27, R 7, other 1 governorships	D+12.4
1973	Democrat Brendan T. Byrne won New Jersey in a landslide in 1973, while former Democrat Mills E. Godwin Jr. returned to Virginia's governorship as a Republican.	D 1, R 1 governorships	D+6.8
1972	Despite Nixon's landslide, Democrats won 12 governor races to seven in 1972, gaining Illinois, Delaware and Vermont, while Republicans took Missouri and North Carolina.	D 12, R 7 governorships	D+1.2
1971	Democrats won both governor races of 1971, with Wendell H. Ford taking Kentucky back from the Republicans and William L. Waller winning Mississippi easily.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+38.5
1970	Democrats won 21 governor races to 13 in 1970 and took more than a dozen states from Republicans, including Pennsylvania, Ohio and Florida, with Jimmy Carter winning Georgia.	D 22, R 13 governorships	D+2.7
1969	Republicans won both governorships in 1969, with William T. Cahill taking New Jersey and Linwood Holton becoming Virginia's first Republican governor in the 20th century.	D 0, R 2 governorships	R+17.2
1968	Richard Nixon's election year saw Republicans win 13 governor races to nine and take seven states, including Illinois, Indiana and West Virginia, from the Democrats.	D 9, R 13 governorships	D+3.3
1967	Republican Louie B. Nunn won the Kentucky governorship in 1967, the party's first win there in over two decades, while John Bell Williams kept Mississippi Democratic.	D 1, R 1 governorships	D+11.5
1966	Republicans won most of the 1966 governor races and took nine states from the Democrats, including California with Ronald Reagan, Maryland, Florida and Arkansas.	D 12, R 23 governorships	R+5.9
1965	Democrats won both 1965 governor races, re-electing Richard J. Hughes in New Jersey and electing Mills E. Godwin Jr. over Linwood Holton in Virginia.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+15.1
1964	Lyndon Johnson's landslide helped Democrats win 18 governor races to eight in 1964, though Republicans took Massachusetts, Washington and Wisconsin and re-elected George Romney in Michigan.	D 18, R 8 governorships	D+9.9
1963	Democrats kept Kentucky and Mississippi in 1963, with Edward T. Breathitt edging Louie B. Nunn by 1.5 points and Paul B. Johnson Jr. winning a contested Mississippi race.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+8.0
1962	Democrats won 19 governor races to 15 in 1962, but Republicans gained eight states, including Michigan, Pennsylvania and Ohio, while Richard Nixon lost in California.	D 21, R 14 governorships	R+0.1
1961	Democrat Richard J. Hughes narrowly beat former Labor Secretary James P. Mitchell in New Jersey in 1961, and Albertis S. Harrison Jr. kept Virginia Democratic.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+5.7
1960	John F. Kennedy's narrow win came with mixed governor results in 1960: Democrats won 15 races and Republicans 12, with several states changing hands each way.	D 16, R 12 governorships	D+7.9
1959	Hawaii held its first state election in 1959 and chose Republican William F. Quinn, while Democrats kept Kentucky and Mississippi, electing Bert T. Combs and Ross R. Barnett.	D 2, R 1 governorships	D+21.6
1958	Democrats won 24 governor races to nine in 1958, a recession-year sweep that took California, Ohio, Wisconsin, Maryland and Nebraska, though Republicans won New York.	D 26, R 8 governorships	D+11.6
1957	Democrats held both governorships at stake in 1957, re-electing Robert B. Meyner in New Jersey and electing J. Lindsay Almond Jr. in Virginia.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+13.5
1956	Democrats won 16 governor races to 14 in 1956 despite Eisenhower's easy re-election, gaining Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts and Washington while losing Ohio, New Mexico and West Virginia.	D 17, R 14 governorships	D+6.8
1955	Former governor Happy Chandler won back the Kentucky governorship in 1955, and James P. Coleman was elected unopposed in Mississippi, keeping both states Democratic.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+20.7
1954	Democrats won 17 governor races to 15 in 1954 and gained seven states, including Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Minnesota and Maine, in Eisenhower's first midterm.	D 19, R 15 governorships	D+5.6
1953	Democrat Robert B. Meyner won New Jersey from the Republicans in 1953, while Thomas B. Stanley kept Virginia Democratic in the year's only two governor races.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+8.9
1952	Dwight Eisenhower's landslide helped Republicans win 20 governorships to 11 in 1952, taking Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Delaware and Montana from the Democrats.	D 11, R 20 governorships	D+6.3
1951	Kentucky and Mississippi held the only governor elections of 1951, and Democrats won both, with Hugh L. White unopposed in Mississippi.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+15.0
1950	Republicans won 22 of the 1950 governor races and gained seven states, among them Connecticut, Maryland and Arizona, during the Korean War.	D 11, R 22 governorships	R+4.4
1949	New Jersey re-elected Republican Alfred E. Driscoll and Virginia chose Democrat John S. Battle in 1949, the only two governor races that year.	D 1, R 1 governorships	D+1.9
1948	Democrats won 20 of the 1948 governor races to 12 for Republicans, gaining eight states including Illinois, Michigan, Ohio and Massachusetts as Truman won his upset.	D 21, R 13 governorships	D+12.5
1947	Democrats won both governor races in 1947, with Earle C. Clements taking Kentucky back from the Republicans and Fielding L. Wright elected without opposition in Mississippi.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+30.9
1946	Republicans won 19 governorships to the Democrats' 14 in 1946, taking Ohio, Massachusetts, Wisconsin and Idaho as voters turned against the Truman administration.	D 14, R 20 governorships	R+17.3
1945	Virginia was the only state to elect a governor in 1945, and Democrat William M. Tuck won easily over Republican S. Lloyd Landreth.	D 1, R 0 governorships	D+35.5
1944	Franklin D. Roosevelt won a fourth term in 1944 as the parties nearly split the governorships, with Utah decided by 0.4 points and Frank J. Lausche winning Ohio.	D 16, R 17 governorships	D+2.2
1943	Republicans gained Kentucky and New Jersey in 1943, with Simeon S. Willis and Walter E. Edge elected, while Mississippi stayed Democratic.	D 1, R 2 governorships	R+4.9
1942	Republicans won 19 of 33 governorships in the first wartime election in 1942, gaining California with Earl Warren and New York with Thomas E. Dewey.	D 14, R 18, other 1 governorships	R+11.5
1941	Virginia held the only governor race of 1941, with Democrat Colgate W. Darden Jr. winning by about 61 points a month before Pearl Harbor.	D 1, R 0 governorships	D+62.7
1940	Franklin D. Roosevelt's third-term win came with 19 Democratic governorships, as Kansas, Indiana and Massachusetts were each decided by under half a point.	D 18, R 17 governorships	D+4.0
1939	Democrats held Kentucky and Mississippi in 1939, with Keen Johnson and Paul B. Johnson elected in the only governor races that year.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+19.1
1938	Republicans recovered strongly in 1938, gaining Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Massachusetts and other states, while Herbert H. Lehman narrowly held New York against Thomas E. Dewey.	D 15, R 18 governorships	R+2.6
1937	Democrats won both governor races in 1937, with A. Harry Moore taking New Jersey back from the Republicans and James H. Price elected in Virginia.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+9.0
1936	Franklin D. Roosevelt's 46-state landslide came with 27 Democratic governorships, including Frank Murphy in Michigan, while Iowa was decided by 0.2 points.	D 28, R 4, other 3 governorships	D+11.5
1935	Democrats held both governorships on the ballot in 1935, with A. B. "Happy" Chandler winning Kentucky and Hugh L. White elected in Mississippi.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+13.2
1934	Democrats gained ground in the 1934 New Deal midterms, winning 25 governorships, including Pennsylvania, while Republicans took New Jersey and Maryland narrowly.	D 25, R 7, other 2 governorships	D+8.1
1933	Virginia held the only governor race of 1933, with Democrat George C. Peery winning by about 50 points during Roosevelt's first year.	D 1, R 0 governorships	D+49.5
1932	Franklin D. Roosevelt's landslide carried Democrats to 28 of 34 governorships, though Alf Landon held Kansas for the Republicans by under a point.	D 30, R 5, other 1 governorships	D+14.0
1931	Democrats won all three governor races in 1931, regaining Kentucky and New Jersey as the Depression worsened.	D 3, R 0 governorships	D+16.3
1930	With the Depression deepening, Democrats won 18 of 32 governorships in 1930, and Kansas was decided by a few hundred votes.	D 18, R 13, other 2 governorships	D+0.1
1929	Virginia held the only governor race of 1929, electing Democrat John Garland Pollard by about 26 points a week after the stock market crash.	D 1, R 0 governorships	D+25.8
1928	Herbert Hoover's landslide brought Republicans 23 governorships, but Franklin D. Roosevelt narrowly won New York by about 0.6 points.	D 12, R 24 governorships	R+6.0
1927	Republican Flem D. Sampson beat former governor J. C. W. Beckham in Kentucky in 1927, while Theodore G. Bilbo returned unopposed in Mississippi.	D 1, R 1 governorships	R+0.1
1926	Alfred E. Smith won a fourth term in New York in 1926, while Nellie Tayloe Ross narrowly lost Wyoming and Republicans won 20 of 32 governorships.	D 13, R 20 governorships	R+13.9
1925	Democrats won both governor races in 1925, with A. Harry Moore taking New Jersey and Harry F. Byrd winning Virginia by about 48 points.	D 2, R 0 governorships	D+10.3
1924	Calvin Coolidge's win came with 22 Republican governorships, while Alfred E. Smith beat Theodore Roosevelt Jr. and New Mexico was decided by 0.2 points.	D 15, R 22 governorships	R+7.5
1923	Democrats won all three governor races in 1923, regaining Kentucky with William J. Fields and re-electing Albert C. Ritchie in Maryland.	D 3, R 0 governorships	D+11.7
1922	Democrats won 19 governorships and gained 12 states in 1922, with Alfred E. Smith returning in New York and narrow wins in Ohio, Wyoming and Colorado.	D 20, R 13 governorships	R+3.3
1921	Virginia held the only governor election of 1921, with Democrat E. Lee Trinkle winning by about 35 points over Henry W. Anderson.	D 1, R 1 governorships	R+8.8
1920	Warren G. Harding's landslide carried Republicans to 29 of 34 governorships, including New York, where Nathan L. Miller beat Alfred E. Smith.	D 7, R 29 governorships	R+13.1
1919	Calvin Coolidge was re-elected in Massachusetts by about 24 points after the Boston police strike, while Albert C. Ritchie won Maryland by 0.6 points.	D 3, R 2 governorships	R+6.5
1918	Alfred E. Smith won New York for the Democrats in 1918, but Republicans took 22 of 32 governorships as World War I ended.	D 10, R 22 governorships	R+8.5
1917	Only Massachusetts and Virginia chose governors in 1917, the year the United States entered World War I, with each re-electing its dominant party.	D 1, R 1 governorships	R+10.7
1916	Woodrow Wilson's narrow re-election came with 20 Republican governorships, while Arizona's race was decided by about 0.1 points and later overturned in court.	D 17, R 19, other 1 governorships	R+3.0
1915	Kentucky's 1915 race was decided by about 0.1 points, while Samuel W. McCall narrowly unseated David I. Walsh in Massachusetts.	D 3, R 1 governorships	D+3.8
1914	Republicans recovered in 1914 as the Progressive Party faded, winning 16 of 30 governorships and taking New York, Ohio and Kansas.	D 16, R 14, other 1 governorships	R+1.9
1913	Democrats won all three governor races in 1913, with David I. Walsh taking Massachusetts and James F. Fielder elected in New Jersey.	D 4, R 0 governorships	D+20.4
1912	Woodrow Wilson's victory over a split Republican Party brought Democrats 21 governorships, while Kansas was decided by a few dozen votes.	D 21, R 13 governorships	D+12.0
1911	Arizona and New Mexico chose their first state governors in 1911, both Democrats, while Republicans won Maryland and Democrats took back Kentucky.	D 5, R 2 governorships	D+5.7
1910	Democrats won 16 of 30 governorships in 1910, electing Woodrow Wilson in New Jersey and gaining New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Maine.	D 17, R 14 governorships	D+1.5
1909	Only Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Virginia chose governors in 1909, with Republicans holding the two New England states and Democrats Virginia.	D 1, R 2 governorships	D+1.8
1908	William Howard Taft won the presidency in 1908, but Democrats took governorships in Ohio, Indiana, Colorado and Montana in a series of close races.	D 15, R 19 governorships	D+0.8
1907	Oklahoma elected its first governor in 1907, choosing Democrat Charles N. Haskell, while Republican Augustus E. Willson took Kentucky.	D 4, R 3 governorships	R+3.6
1906	Charles Evans Hughes defeated William Randolph Hearst for governor of New York in 1906, as Republicans won 18 of 27 governorships.	D 11, R 17 governorships	R+0.2
1905	Democrat John M. Pattison unseated Ohio's Myron T. Herrick in 1905, while Curtis Guild Jr. won Massachusetts back for the Republicans.	D 2, R 2 governorships	D+3.5
1904	Theodore Roosevelt's landslide came with 21 Republican governorships, though Democrats won Minnesota, Missouri, Massachusetts and a disputed race in Colorado.	D 13, R 21 governorships	R+4.3
1903	James K. Vardaman won Mississippi unopposed in 1903, Myron T. Herrick beat Tom L. Johnson in Ohio, and Democrats regained Kentucky.	D 4, R 3 governorships	R+6.5
1902	Oregon, New York and California were each decided by under a point in 1902, as Republicans won 18 of 27 governorships.	D 9, R 18 governorships	R+0.9
1901	Republicans won five of six governor races in 1901, the year Theodore Roosevelt became president after William McKinley's assassination.	D 1, R 5 governorships	R+9.8
1900	William McKinley's re-election came with 21 Republican governorships, while Charles B. Aycock won North Carolina for the Democrats after a disfranchisement campaign.	D 15, R 19 governorships	R+2.4
1899	Kentucky's 1899 race ended in tragedy: William S. Taylor led William Goebel by 0.6 points, Goebel was shot, and the legislature declared him governor.	D 2, R 5 governorships	R+5.4
1898	Theodore Roosevelt, back from Cuba, won New York by about a point in 1898, as Republicans took 21 of 27 governorships during the Spanish-American War.	D 9, R 16, other 3 governorships	R+0.7
1897	Republicans won four of five governor races in 1897 as the economy recovered in William McKinley's first year, with Ohio the closest.	D 1, R 4 governorships	R+5.7
1896	William McKinley's defeat of William Jennings Bryan came with 21 Republican governorships, while a Republican and Populist fusion won North Carolina.	D 13, R 15, other 4 governorships	R+4.0
1895	Republicans won seven of eight governor races in 1895, electing William O. Bradley as Kentucky's first Republican governor and gaining Maryland and New Jersey.	D 1, R 8 governorships	R+9.0
1894	Republicans won 21 of 27 governorships in a depression-year landslide, taking New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, while Tennessee's race was decided by 0.2 points.	D 7, R 19, other 2 governorships	R+10.9
1893	The Panic of 1893 hit the Democrats hard, as Republicans took Iowa and Massachusetts and William McKinley was re-elected in Ohio by about 10 points.	D 1, R 4 governorships	R+1.1
1892	Grover Cleveland's return to the White House brought 17 Democratic governorships, including John P. Altgeld in Illinois, while Populists won in Kansas and Colorado.	D 17, R 10, other 3 governorships	D+6.9
1891	William McKinley won the Ohio governorship in 1891, while Democrats held Iowa, Massachusetts, New York, Kentucky and Maryland.	D 5, R 2 governorships	D+3.1
1890	Backlash against the McKinley Tariff gave Democrats 15 of 27 governorships in 1890, including Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Michigan, Wisconsin and Nebraska.	D 14, R 13 governorships	D+11.4
1889	Four new Western states elected their first governors in 1889, while Democrats won Iowa and Ohio from the Republicans.	D 6, R 5 governorships	D+4.6
1888	Benjamin Harrison's presidential win came with 14 Republican governorships, while West Virginia, Indiana and Missouri were each decided by under half a point.	D 12, R 14 governorships	D+7.2
1887	Six states chose governors in 1887, with Simon B. Buckner winning Kentucky for the Democrats and Joseph B. Foraker re-elected in Ohio.	D 3, R 3 governorships	R+1.3
1886	California was decided by 0.3 points in 1886, as Republicans won 12 governorships to the Democrats' 11 in a year of labor unrest.	D 11, R 13 governorships	D+7.1
1885	Joseph B. Foraker took Ohio for the Republicans in 1885, while David B. Hill held New York and Fitzhugh Lee won Virginia for the Democrats.	D 3, R 4 governorships	D+2.4
1884	Grover Cleveland's presidential win came with 12 Democratic governorships to 11 Republican, and close races in Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois and Tennessee.	D 12, R 12 governorships	D+9.0
1883	Democrats won Ohio, New Jersey, Kentucky and Maryland in 1883, while Republicans held Iowa, Minnesota and Massachusetts, where Benjamin Butler was unseated.	D 4, R 4 governorships	D+1.2
1882	Democrats won 13 of 22 governorships in 1882, gaining eight states including New York, where Grover Cleveland won, and Pennsylvania.	D 16, R 6 governorships	D+16.3
1881	In a year overshadowed by James Garfield's assassination, Republicans won six of eight governorships and Virginia's Readjusters took power.	D 1, R 6, other 1 governorships	D+0.4
1880	James Garfield's narrow presidential win came with 13 Republican governorships, while New Jersey's race was decided by 0.3 points.	D 11, R 12 governorships	D+7.6
1879	Republicans won eight of 12 governor races in 1879, taking New York, Ohio and California as prosperity returned and Democrats split in New York.	D 3, R 9 governorships	R+4.9
1878	Oregon was decided by 0.2 points in 1878, as Republicans won 10 of 17 governorships and the Greenback movement peaked.	D 8, R 10 governorships	D+11.2
1877	With Reconstruction over, Democrats faced no real opposition in Mississippi and Virginia in 1877, while Richard M. Bishop took Ohio from the Republicans.	D 4, R 7 governorships	D+7.1
1876	Disputed results in South Carolina, Louisiana and Florida tied the 1876 governor races to the Hayes-Tilden contest and the end of Reconstruction.	D 14, R 10 governorships	D+7.2
1875	Republicans recovered in 1875, winning nine of 13 governorships, with Rutherford B. Hayes taking a third Ohio term by under a point.	D 4, R 9 governorships	D+0.5
1874	Democrats won 12 of 19 governor races in 1874, with Samuel J. Tilden taking New York and William Gaston winning Massachusetts during the depression.	D 12, R 7 governorships	D+3.5
1873	The Panic of 1873 hurt Republicans as Democrats took Ohio by 0.2 points, ended Reconstruction rule in Texas and won Wisconsin and Connecticut.	D 5, R 7 governorships	R+8.2
1872	Republicans won 21 of 23 governorships alongside Ulysses S. Grant's re-election, though Indiana went Democratic and New Hampshire was decided by a tenth of a point.	D 3, R 19, other 1 governorships	R+18.1
1871	Marshall Jewell won Connecticut by a tenth of a point in 1871, while Republicans also gained California and Democrats took New Hampshire.	D 4, R 9 governorships	R+3.9
1870	Democrats and Republicans split 18 governorships evenly in 1870, with Democrats winning seven states the Republicans had held, several by narrow margins.	D 8, R 9, other 1 governorships	R+8.3
1869	Republicans won all 13 governor races in 1869, though Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Texas and Ohio were each decided by less than two points.	D 0, R 14 governorships	R+16.1
1868	Republicans won 18 governorships as Ulysses S. Grant won the presidency, and new Reconstruction governments took power in Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and Florida.	D 3, R 20 governorships	R+15.2
1867	Rutherford B. Hayes won Ohio by under a point, and Democrats took Connecticut and California, as Northern voters cooled on Radical Reconstruction.	D 4, R 10 governorships	R+4.2
1866	Republicans won 12 of 14 governorships as Northern voters backed Congress against Andrew Johnson in the fight over Reconstruction and the Fourteenth Amendment.	D 2, R 14, other 1 governorships	R+24.6
1865	The first governor races after the Civil War came as Southern states reorganized under Andrew Johnson's plan, while Republicans held Wisconsin and Minnesota.	D 2, R 12, other 5 governorships	R+10.0

House elections

Year	Result	Seats	Margin, all votes
2024	Republicans held the House by a slim 220 to 215 margin as Donald Trump returned to the White House, giving the party full control of Washington.	D 215, R 220 seats	R+2.8
2022	Republicans won a narrow House majority in Joe Biden's first midterm, but the expected red wave did not materialize as Democrats held their losses down.	D 213, R 222 seats	R+3.1
2020	Democrats kept the House but lost seats even as Joe Biden won the presidency, leaving them with one of the narrowest majorities in modern times.	D 222, R 213 seats	D+2.6
2018	Democrats gained about 40 seats and retook the House in Donald Trump's first midterm, driven by a swing in suburban districts.	D 235, R 199 seats	D+10.5
2016	Republicans held the House with 241 seats as Donald Trump won the presidency, losing only a few seats despite heavy Democratic spending.	D 194, R 241 seats	R+1.3
2014	Republicans won 247 House seats, their largest majority since the 1920s, and also took the Senate in Barack Obama's second midterm.	D 188, R 247 seats	R+5.6
2012	Republicans kept the House with 234 seats even as Barack Obama won re-election, holding on under new district maps drawn after the 2010 census.	D 201, R 234 seats	D+0.9
2010	Republicans gained 63 seats and took back the House in a Tea Party wave, the biggest House gain by either party since 1948.	D 193, R 242 seats	R+6.8
2008	Democrats expanded their House majority to 257 seats as Barack Obama won the presidency during the financial crisis, adding 21 seats to their 2006 gains.	D 257, R 178 seats	D+10.7
2006	Democrats retook the House for the first time since 1994, gaining 31 seats as discontent over the Iraq war and Republican scandals swept the midterms.	D 233, R 202 seats	D+7.9
2004	Republicans added to their House majority as George W. Bush won re-election, helped by a mid-decade redistricting in Texas.	D 202, R 232, other 1 seats	R+2.7
2002	Republicans gained House seats in George W. Bush's first midterm, campaigning on national security a year after the September 11 attacks.	D 205, R 229, other 1 seats	R+4.9
2000	Republicans narrowly held the House in a year of near-even national division, keeping a majority of about 221 seats while the presidency hung on Florida.	D 212, R 221, other 2 seats	R+0.5
1998	Democrats gained five House seats as Republicans pressed toward impeaching Bill Clinton, the first midterm gain for a president's party since 1934.	D 211, R 223, other 1 seats	R+1.0
1996	Republicans held the House for a second straight election, the first time they had done so since the 1920s, even as Bill Clinton won re-election.	D 207, R 226, other 2 seats	level
1994	Republicans won control of the House for the first time in 40 years, gaining 54 seats in a wave election led by Newt Gingrich.	D 204, R 230, other 1 seats	R+7.0
1992	Democrats held the House as Bill Clinton won the presidency, but a wave of retirements and new district lines brought in the largest freshman class in decades.	D 258, R 176, other 1 seats	D+5.3
1990	Democrats kept their large House majority in George H.W. Bush's first midterm, with about 270 seats to roughly 165 for the Republicans.	D 267, R 167, other 1 seats	D+7.8

Sources: the states' own election archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026), Algara & Amlani (2021) and, for county boundaries before 1990, the Newberry Library's Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.

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