Election 1928 Results
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1928 presidential election results by state and county
Herbert Hoover beat Al Smith, the first Catholic major-party nominee, by 444 electoral votes to 87, breaking into the solidly Democratic South.
Herbert Hoover (Republican) beat Al Smith in 1928, winning 444 electoral votes to 87. Al Smith carried 8 states and Herbert Hoover 40. Across the states, the Democratic and Republican vote came to 15,012,878 and 21,428,478 (R+17.4 of all votes cast).
The closest states were Rhode Island (D+0.6), Massachusetts (D+1.1) and New York (R+2.4). 9 states changed party from 1924: Florida to the Republicans, Massachusetts to the Democrats, North Carolina to the Republicans, Oklahoma to the Republicans, Rhode Island to the Democrats, Tennessee to the Republicans, Texas to the Republicans, Virginia to the Republicans and Wisconsin to the Republicans.
Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.
About the 1928 presidential election
Coolidge chose not to run again, and Republicans nominated Herbert Hoover, his commerce secretary and a celebrated organizer of famine relief. With the economy still strong, Hoover was a heavy favorite. Democrats chose Al Smith, the governor of New York, a Catholic from the Lower East Side who opposed Prohibition. Smith's religion and his stance on alcohol cost him heavily in the Protestant, dry South. Hoover carried 40 states, including Florida, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia, the largest Republican inroads into the old Confederacy since Reconstruction. He won Texas by 3.5 points. Hoover also took New York, Smith's home state, by 2.4. Smith held Alabama by only 2.8. Smith won eight states for 87 electoral votes: six in the Deep South plus Massachusetts, by 1.1 points, and Rhode Island, by 0.6. Those two Northern wins, built on Catholic and immigrant voters in the cities, pointed to the coalition Democrats would assemble over the next decade. Less than a year after Hoover took office, the stock market crash of October 1929 began the Great Depression.
Every state
| State | Democrat | Votes | Republican | Votes | Others | Margin | EV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Al Smith | 127,796 (51.3%) | Herbert Hoover | 120,725 (48.5%) | 460 | D+2.8 | 12 |
| Arizona | Al Smith | 38,537 (42.2%) | Herbert Hoover | 52,533 (57.6%) | 184 | R+15.3 | 3 |
| Arkansas | Al Smith | 119,195 (60.3%) | Herbert Hoover | 77,785 (39.3%) | 751 | D+20.9 | 9 |
| California | Al Smith | 614,365 (34.2%) | Herbert Hoover | 1,162,323 (64.7%) | 19,968 | R+30.5 | 13 |
| Colorado | Al Smith | 133,131 (33.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 253,872 (64.7%) | 5,239 | R+30.8 | 6 |
| Connecticut | Al Smith | 252,040 (45.6%) | Herbert Hoover | 296,614 (53.6%) | 4,371 | R+8.1 | 7 |
| Delaware | Al Smith | 36,643 (34.6%) | Herbert Hoover | 68,860 (65.0%) | 388 | R+30.4 | 3 |
| Florida flip | Al Smith | 100,721 (39.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 144,168 (57.1%) | 7,740 | R+17.2 | 6 |
| Georgia | Al Smith | 129,602 (56.6%) | Herbert Hoover | 99,369 (43.4%) | 188 | D+13.2 | 14 |
| Idaho | Al Smith | 52,926 (34.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 97,322 (64.2%) | 1,293 | R+29.3 | 4 |
| Illinois | Al Smith | 1,312,235 (42.2%) | Herbert Hoover | 1,770,723 (57.0%) | 24,531 | R+14.8 | 29 |
| Indiana | Al Smith | 562,691 (39.6%) | Herbert Hoover | 848,290 (59.7%) | 10,333 | R+20.1 | 15 |
| Iowa | Al Smith | 379,311 (37.6%) | Herbert Hoover | 623,570 (61.8%) | 6,608 | R+24.2 | 13 |
| Kansas | Al Smith | 193,003 (27.1%) | Herbert Hoover | 513,672 (72.0%) | 6,524 | R+45.0 | 10 |
| Kentucky | Al Smith | 381,060 (40.5%) | Herbert Hoover | 558,064 (59.3%) | 1,507 | R+18.8 | 13 |
| Louisiana | Al Smith | 164,655 (76.3%) | Herbert Hoover | 51,160 (23.7%) | D+52.6 | 10 | |
| Maine | Al Smith | 81,179 (31.0%) | Herbert Hoover | 179,923 (68.6%) | 1,065 | R+37.7 | 6 |
| Maryland | Al Smith | 223,626 (42.3%) | Herbert Hoover | 301,479 (57.1%) | 3,243 | R+14.7 | 8 |
| Massachusetts flip | Al Smith | 792,758 (50.2%) | Herbert Hoover | 775,566 (49.2%) | 9,499 | D+1.1 | 18 |
| Michigan | Al Smith | 396,762 (28.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 965,396 (70.4%) | 9,924 | R+41.4 | 15 |
| Minnesota | Al Smith | 396,451 (40.8%) | Herbert Hoover | 560,977 (57.8%) | 13,548 | R+16.9 | 12 |
| Mississippi | Al Smith | 124,539 (82.1%) | Herbert Hoover | 27,153 (17.9%) | D+64.2 | 10 | |
| Missouri | Al Smith | 662,562 (44.1%) | Herbert Hoover | 834,080 (55.6%) | 4,079 | R+11.4 | 18 |
| Montana | Al Smith | 78,638 (40.5%) | Herbert Hoover | 113,472 (58.4%) | 2,267 | R+17.9 | 4 |
| Nebraska | Al Smith | 197,950 (36.2%) | Herbert Hoover | 345,745 (63.2%) | 3,433 | R+27.0 | 8 |
| Nevada | Al Smith | 14,090 (43.5%) | Herbert Hoover | 18,327 (56.5%) | R+13.1 | 3 | |
| New Hampshire | Al Smith | 80,715 (41.0%) | Herbert Hoover | 115,404 (58.7%) | 638 | R+17.6 | 4 |
| New Jersey | Al Smith | 616,162 (39.8%) | Herbert Hoover | 925,285 (59.8%) | 6,748 | R+20.0 | 14 |
| New Mexico | Al Smith | 48,211 (40.8%) | Herbert Hoover | 69,708 (59.0%) | 158 | R+18.2 | 3 |
| New York | Al Smith | 2,089,863 (47.4%) | Herbert Hoover | 2,193,344 (49.8%) | 122,419 | R+2.4 | 45 |
| North Carolina flip | Al Smith | 286,227 (45.1%) | Herbert Hoover | 348,923 (54.9%) | R+9.9 | 12 | |
| North Dakota | Al Smith | 106,648 (44.5%) | Herbert Hoover | 131,419 (54.8%) | 1,778 | R+10.3 | 5 |
| Ohio | Al Smith | 864,210 (34.5%) | Herbert Hoover | 1,627,546 (64.9%) | 16,590 | R+30.4 | 24 |
| Oklahoma flip | Al Smith | 219,174 (35.4%) | Herbert Hoover | 394,046 (63.7%) | 5,207 | R+28.3 | 10 |
| Oregon | Al Smith | 109,223 (34.1%) | Herbert Hoover | 205,341 (64.2%) | 5,378 | R+30.0 | 5 |
| Pennsylvania | Al Smith | 1,067,586 (33.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 2,055,382 (65.2%) | 27,644 | R+31.4 | 38 |
| Rhode Island flip | Al Smith | 118,973 (50.2%) | Herbert Hoover | 117,522 (49.5%) | 699 | D+0.6 | 5 |
| South Carolina | Al Smith | 62,700 (91.4%) | Herbert Hoover | 5,858 (8.5%) | 47 | D+82.9 | 9 |
| South Dakota | Al Smith | 102,660 (39.2%) | Herbert Hoover | 157,603 (60.2%) | 1,594 | R+21.0 | 5 |
| Tennessee flip | Al Smith | 167,343 (46.0%) | Herbert Hoover | 195,388 (53.8%) | 742 | R+7.7 | 12 |
| Texas flip | Al Smith | 341,032 (48.1%) | Herbert Hoover | 367,036 (51.8%) | 931 | R+3.7 | 20 |
| Utah | Al Smith | 80,985 (45.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 94,485 (53.5%) | 1,000 | R+7.7 | 4 |
| Vermont | Al Smith | 44,440 (32.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 90,404 (66.9%) | 347 | R+34.0 | 4 |
| Virginia flip | Al Smith | 140,146 (45.9%) | Herbert Hoover | 164,609 (53.9%) | 603 | R+8.0 | 12 |
| Washington | Al Smith | 156,772 (31.4%) | Herbert Hoover | 335,503 (67.1%) | 7,766 | R+35.7 | 7 |
| West Virginia | Al Smith | 263,784 (41.0%) | Herbert Hoover | 375,551 (58.4%) | 3,417 | R+17.4 | 8 |
| Wisconsin flip | Al Smith | 450,259 (44.3%) | Herbert Hoover | 544,205 (53.5%) | 22,367 | R+9.2 | 13 |
| Wyoming | Al Smith | 29,299 (35.4%) | Herbert Hoover | 52,748 (63.7%) | 788 | R+28.3 | 3 |
Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Margins are Democrat minus Republican, of all votes. Certified results, from the states' own archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026) and Algara & Amlani (2021). Maine and Nebraska are shown whole, without their district votes. By county: "As they were" draws each county as it stood on election day; "Today's" shares the old votes among today's counties by area. County boundaries: Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5). How these results were checked.