Election 1894 Results
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1894 governor election results by state and county
Republicans won 21 of 27 governorships in a depression-year landslide, taking New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, while Tennessee's race was decided by 0.2 points.
28 governor races were held in 1894. Democrats won 7 and Republicans 19, and 2 went to neither party.
The closest were California (D+0.4), Tennessee (D+1.1) and Nebraska (D+1.6). 12 governorships changed party: California to the Democrats, Colorado to the Republicans, Connecticut to the Republicans, Delaware to the Republicans, Kansas to the Republicans, Nebraska to the third party, Nevada to the third party, New York to the Republicans, North Dakota to the Republicans, Oregon to the Republicans, Pennsylvania to the Republicans and Wisconsin to the Republicans.
Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.
About the 1894 governor elections
With the depression at its worst and the Pullman Strike crushed by federal troops that summer, the 1894 midterms brought one of the largest swings of the century. Republicans took the House by a wide margin and won 21 of the 27 governor races, gaining nine states. In New York, Levi P. Morton, the former vice president, beat the Democratic governor David B. Hill by about 12 points. Daniel H. Hastings won Pennsylvania, and William H. Upham took Wisconsin from George W. Peck by about 14. Republicans also gained Connecticut, Rhode Island and Delaware, where Joshua H. Marvel won by about 3 points. In Kansas and Colorado, the Populist governors lost to Republicans. Tennessee produced a disputed result. Republican H. Clay Evans led the Democratic governor Peter Turney by 0.2 points, but the Democratic legislature threw out enough ballots to seat Turney. The one Democratic gain was in California, where James H. Budd beat Morris M. Estee by 0.4 points.
Every race
| State | Democrat | Votes | Republican | Votes | Others | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | William C. Oates | 110,875 (57.1%) | none | Reuben Kolb (Populist) 83,292 (42.9%) |
D+57.1 | |
| Arkansas | James P. Clarke | 74,809 (58.9%) | H. L. Remmel | 26,085 (20.5%) | David E. Barker (Populist) 24,541 (19.3%) |
D+38.4 |
| California flip | James H. Budd | 111,944 (39.3%) | Morris M. Estee | 110,738 (38.9%) | J. V. Webster (Populist) 51,304 (18.0%) |
D+0.4 |
| Colorado flip | Charles S. Thomas | 8,337 (4.6%) | Albert McIntire | 93,502 (52.0%) | Davis Hanson Waite (Populist) 73,894 (41.1%) |
R+47.3 |
| Connecticut flip | Ernest Cady | 66,287 (42.8%) | O. Vincent Coffin | 83,975 (54.2%) | 4,719 | R+11.4 |
| Delaware flip | Ebe W. Tunnell | 18,659 (47.7%) | Joshua H. Marvil | 19,880 (50.8%) | 595 | R+3.1 |
| Georgia | William Y. Atkinson | 121,249 (55.6%) | none | J. K. Hines (Populist) 96,990 (44.4%) |
D+55.6 | |
| Idaho | Edward A. Stevenson | 7,057 (28.7%) | William J. McConnell | 10,208 (41.5%) | James W. Ballantine (Populist) 7,121 (29.0%) |
R+12.8 |
| Kansas flip | David Overmyer | 27,709 (9.2%) | Edmund N. Morrill | 148,700 (49.5%) | Lorenzo D. Lewelling (Populist) 118,329 (39.4%) |
R+40.3 |
| Maine | Charles F. Johnson | 30,405 (28.2%) | Henry B. Cleaves | 69,322 (64.3%) | 8,062 | R+36.1 |
| Massachusetts | John E. Russell | 123,930 (37.0%) | Frederic T. Greenhalge | 189,307 (56.4%) | 22,117 | R+19.5 |
| Michigan | Spencer Oliver Fisher | 130,823 (31.4%) | John T. Rich | 237,215 (56.9%) | Alva W. Nichols (Populist) 30,012 (7.2%) |
R+25.5 |
| Minnesota | George L. Becker | 53,584 (18.1%) | Knute Nelson | 147,943 (49.9%) | Sidney M. Owen (Populist) 87,890 (29.7%) |
R+31.9 |
| Nebraska flip | Phelps D. Sturdevant | 6,989 (3.4%) | T. J. Majors | 94,623 (46.4%) | Silas A. Holcomb (Populist) 97,815 (48.0%) |
Ind. +1.6 |
| Nevada flip | Theodore Winters | 678 (6.5%) | A. C. Cleveland | 3,861 (36.9%) | John Edward Jones (Silver) 5,223 (49.9%) |
Ind. +13.0 |
| New Hampshire | Henry O. Kent | 33,959 (40.9%) | Charles A. Busiel | 46,491 (56.0%) | 2,606 | R+15.1 |
| New York flip | David B. Hill | 517,710 (40.8%) | Levi P. Morton | 673,818 (53.1%) | 77,644 | R+12.3 |
| North Dakota flip | F. M. Kinter | 8,188 (19.2%) | Roger Allin | 23,723 (55.8%) | Elmer D. Wallace (Populist) 9,354 (22.0%) |
R+36.5 |
| Oregon flip | William Galloway | 17,865 (20.5%) | William P. Lord | 41,139 (47.2%) | Nathan Pierce (Populist) 26,123 (30.0%) |
R+26.7 |
| Pennsylvania flip | William M. Singerly | 333,404 (35.0%) | Daniel H. Hastings | 574,801 (60.3%) | 44,831 | R+25.3 |
| Rhode Island | David S. Baker Jr. | 22,650 (41.3%) | D. Russell Brown | 29,157 (53.1%) | 3,056 | R+11.9 |
| South Carolina | John Gary Evans | 39,507 (69.6%) | none | Sampson Pope (Independent) 17,278 (30.4%) |
D+69.6 | |
| South Dakota | James A. Ward | 8,756 (11.4%) | Charles H. Sheldon | 40,381 (52.6%) | Isaac Howe (Independent) 26,568 (34.6%) |
R+41.2 |
| Tennessee | Peter Turney | 94,620 (45.1%) | H. Clay Evans | 92,266 (43.9%) | A. L. Mims (Populist) 23,092 (11.0%) |
D+1.1 |
| Texas | Charles A. Culberson | 207,167 (49.0%) | W. K. Makemson | 54,520 (12.9%) | Thomas L. Nugent (Populist) 152,731 (36.1%) |
D+36.1 |
| Vermont | George W. Smith | 14,142 (24.4%) | Urban A. Woodbury | 42,663 (73.6%) | 1,197 | R+49.2 |
| Wisconsin flip | George W. Peck | 142,250 (37.9%) | William H. Upham | 196,150 (52.2%) | D. Frank Powell (Populist) 25,604 (6.8%) |
R+14.4 |
| Wyoming | William H. Holliday | 6,965 (36.1%) | William A. Richards | 10,149 (52.6%) | Lewis C. Tidball (Populist) 2,176 (11.3%) |
R+16.5 |
Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Margins are Democrat minus Republican, of all votes. Certified results, from the states' own archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026) and Algara & Amlani (2021). By county: "As they were" draws each county as it stood on election day; "Today's" shares the old votes among today's counties by area, so its county detail is an estimate. County boundaries: Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5). How these results were checked.