Election 1904 Results
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1904 presidential election results by state and county
Theodore Roosevelt won a full term in his own right, defeating conservative Democrat Alton B. Parker by 336 electoral votes to 140.
Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) beat Alton B. Parker in 1904, winning 336 electoral votes to 140. Alton B. Parker carried 13 states and Theodore Roosevelt 32. Across the states, the Democratic and Republican vote came to 5,080,556 and 7,630,158 (R+18.9 of all votes cast).
The closest states were Maryland (level), Kentucky (D+2.7) and Missouri (R+3.9). 6 states changed party from 1900: Colorado to the Republicans, Idaho to the Republicans, Maryland to the Democrats, Missouri to the Republicans, Montana to the Republicans and Nevada to the Republicans.
Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.
About the 1904 presidential election
Roosevelt had become president after McKinley's assassination in 1901 and built a popular record of trust-busting, conservation and a settlement of the 1902 coal strike. Democrats, having lost twice with Bryan, turned to Alton B. Parker, a conservative New York judge, hoping to win back business voters. The strategy failed. Roosevelt won 32 states and 336 electoral votes, carrying every state outside the South and the border region. He flipped Missouri, which he won by 3.9 points, as well as Colorado, Idaho, Montana and Nevada, which had backed Bryan. He carried New York, Parker's home state, by 10.8 points. Parker won 13 states, the old Confederacy plus Kentucky, by 2.7 points, and Maryland, which was so close that its electors were divided between the two candidates. The South's loyalty to the Democrats was by now enforced by laws that kept most Black citizens from voting. On election night Roosevelt pledged not to seek another term, a promise he kept in 1908 and later regretted.
Every state
| State | Democrat | Votes | Republican | Votes | Others | Margin | EV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Alton B. Parker | 79,797 (73.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 22,472 (20.7%) | 6,516 | D+52.7 | 11 |
| Arkansas | Alton B. Parker | 64,434 (55.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 46,760 (40.2%) | 5,134 | D+15.2 | 9 |
| California | Alton B. Parker | 89,404 (26.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 205,226 (61.8%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 29,535 (8.9%) |
R+34.9 | 10 |
| Colorado flip | Alton B. Parker | 100,105 (41.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 134,661 (55.3%) | 8,901 | R+14.2 | 5 |
| Connecticut | Alton B. Parker | 72,909 (38.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 111,089 (58.1%) | 7,127 | R+20.0 | 7 |
| Delaware | Alton B. Parker | 19,347 (44.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 23,705 (54.1%) | 804 | R+9.9 | 3 |
| Florida | Alton B. Parker | 26,449 (68.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 8,314 (21.5%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 2,337 (6.0%) |
D+46.9 | 5 |
| Georgia | Alton B. Parker | 83,466 (63.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 24,004 (18.3%) | Thomas E. Watson (Populist) 22,635 (17.3%) |
D+45.4 | 13 |
| Idaho flip | Alton B. Parker | 18,480 (25.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 47,783 (65.8%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 4,949 (6.8%) |
R+40.4 | 3 |
| Illinois | Alton B. Parker | 327,606 (30.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 632,645 (58.8%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 69,225 (6.4%) |
R+28.3 | 27 |
| Indiana | Alton B. Parker | 274,356 (40.2%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 368,289 (54.0%) | 39,561 | R+13.8 | 15 |
| Iowa | Alton B. Parker | 149,141 (30.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 307,907 (63.4%) | 28,655 | R+32.7 | 13 |
| Kansas | Alton B. Parker | 86,164 (26.2%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 213,455 (64.9%) | 29,428 | R+38.7 | 10 |
| Kentucky | Alton B. Parker | 217,170 (49.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 205,457 (47.1%) | 13,319 | D+2.7 | 13 |
| Louisiana | Alton B. Parker | 47,708 (88.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 5,205 (9.7%) | 995 | D+78.8 | 9 |
| Maine | Alton B. Parker | 27,642 (28.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 65,432 (67.4%) | 3,949 | R+39.0 | 6 |
| Maryland flip | Alton B. Parker | 109,446 (48.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 109,497 (48.8%) | 5,286 | level | 8 |
| Maryland: Maryland voters chose electors individually, and although Roosevelt led the top elector vote, seven of the eight electors chosen were for Alton B. Parker. | |||||||
| Massachusetts | Alton B. Parker | 165,746 (37.2%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 257,813 (57.9%) | 21,541 | R+20.7 | 16 |
| Michigan | Alton B. Parker | 135,392 (25.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 364,957 (69.5%) | 24,678 | R+43.7 | 14 |
| Minnesota | Alton B. Parker | 55,187 (18.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 216,651 (74.0%) | 21,022 | R+55.1 | 11 |
| Mississippi | Alton B. Parker | 53,480 (91.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 3,280 (5.6%) | 1,961 | D+85.5 | 10 |
| Missouri flip | Alton B. Parker | 296,312 (46.0%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 321,449 (49.9%) | 26,100 | R+3.9 | 18 |
| Montana flip | Alton B. Parker | 21,773 (33.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 34,932 (54.2%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 5,676 (8.8%) |
R+20.4 | 3 |
| Nebraska | Alton B. Parker | 52,921 (23.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 138,558 (61.4%) | Thomas E. Watson (Populist) 20,518 (9.1%) |
R+37.9 | 8 |
| Nevada flip | Alton B. Parker | 3,982 (32.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 6,864 (56.7%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 925 (7.6%) |
R+23.8 | 3 |
| New Hampshire | Alton B. Parker | 34,071 (37.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 54,157 (60.1%) | 1,923 | R+22.3 | 4 |
| New Jersey | Alton B. Parker | 164,566 (38.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 245,164 (56.7%) | 22,517 | R+18.7 | 12 |
| New York | Alton B. Parker | 683,981 (42.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 859,533 (53.1%) | 74,251 | R+10.9 | 39 |
| North Carolina | Alton B. Parker | 124,091 (59.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 82,442 (39.7%) | 1,285 | D+20.0 | 12 |
| North Dakota | Alton B. Parker | 14,273 (20.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 52,595 (75.1%) | 3,146 | R+54.7 | 4 |
| Ohio | Alton B. Parker | 344,674 (34.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 600,095 (59.7%) | 59,626 | R+25.4 | 23 |
| Oregon | Alton B. Parker | 17,521 (19.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 60,455 (67.1%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 7,619 (8.5%) |
R+47.6 | 4 |
| Pennsylvania | Alton B. Parker | 335,430 (27.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 840,949 (68.0%) | 60,359 | R+40.9 | 34 |
| Rhode Island | Alton B. Parker | 24,839 (36.2%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 41,605 (60.6%) | 2,212 | R+24.4 | 4 |
| South Carolina | Alton B. Parker | 52,563 (95.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 2,554 (4.6%) | 1 | D+90.7 | 9 |
| South Dakota | Alton B. Parker | 21,969 (21.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 72,083 (71.1%) | 7,343 | R+49.4 | 4 |
| Tennessee | Alton B. Parker | 131,431 (54.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 104,830 (43.3%) | 5,726 | D+11.0 | 12 |
| Texas | Alton B. Parker | 167,088 (71.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 51,307 (22.0%) | 15,214 | D+49.6 | 18 |
| Utah | Alton B. Parker | 33,413 (32.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 62,446 (61.4%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 5,767 (5.7%) |
R+28.6 | 3 |
| Vermont | Alton B. Parker | 9,777 (18.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 40,459 (78.0%) | 1,652 | R+59.1 | 4 |
| Virginia | Alton B. Parker | 80,364 (61.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 48,114 (37.0%) | 1,585 | D+24.8 | 12 |
| Washington | Alton B. Parker | 28,098 (19.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 101,540 (70.0%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 10,023 (6.9%) |
R+50.6 | 5 |
| West Virginia | Alton B. Parker | 100,855 (42.0%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 132,621 (55.3%) | 6,511 | R+13.2 | 7 |
| Wisconsin | Alton B. Parker | 124,205 (28.0%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 280,315 (63.2%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 28,240 (6.4%) |
R+35.2 | 13 |
| Wyoming | Alton B. Parker | 8,930 (29.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt | 20,489 (66.7%) | 1,290 | R+37.6 | 3 |
Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Margins are Democrat minus Republican, of all votes. Certified results, from the states' own archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026) and Algara & Amlani (2021). Maine and Nebraska are shown whole, without their district votes. By county: "As they were" draws each county as it stood on election day; "Today's" shares the old votes among today's counties by area, so its county detail is an estimate. County boundaries: Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5). How these results were checked.