Election 1934 Results
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1934 Senate election results by state and county
Democrats won 24 of the 30 Senate seats up and added to their majority in a midterm, a rare result that gave Roosevelt's New Deal a strong endorsement.
32 Senate races were held in 1934, plus 6 special elections. Democrats won 23 and Republicans 7, and 2 went to neither party.
The closest were Maine (R+0.4), New Mexico (R+0.9) and Vermont (R+2.7). 11 seats changed party: Connecticut to the Democrats, Indiana to the Democrats, Maryland to the Democrats, Missouri to the Democrats, Nebraska to the Democrats, New Jersey to the Democrats, Ohio to the Democrats, Pennsylvania to the Democrats, Rhode Island to the Democrats, West Virginia to the Democrats and Wisconsin to the third party.
Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.
About the 1934 Senate elections
The party holding the White House usually loses ground in a midterm. In 1934 Democrats gained. Roosevelt's first two years had brought banking reform, relief programs and the start of recovery, and voters rewarded his party. Democrats won 24 Senate races to the Republicans' 6, taking seats in Connecticut, Indiana, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia and elsewhere. In Missouri, Harry Truman won his first Senate term. Joseph Guffey beat David Reed in Pennsylvania, and Sherman Minton won in Indiana. In Wisconsin and Minnesota the old two-party contest was complicated by the Progressive and Farmer-Labor parties. The closest race was in Maine, where Frederick Hale held his seat by 0.4 points. In New Mexico, Republican Bronson Cutting beat Dennis Chavez by 0.8 points. Chavez challenged the result, and when Cutting died in a plane crash in 1935, Chavez was appointed to the seat. Arthur Vandenberg held Michigan for the Republicans.
Every race
| State | Democrat | Votes | Republican | Votes | Others | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | Henry Ashurst | 67,648 (72.0%) | J.E. Thompson | 24,075 (25.6%) | 2,197 | D+46.4 |
| California | none | Hiram Johnson | 1,946,572 (94.5%) | George Ross Kirkpatrick (Socialist) 108,748 (5.3%) |
R+94.5 | |
| Connecticut flip | Francis T. Maloney | 265,552 (51.7%) | Frederic C. Walcott | 247,623 (48.3%) | D+3.5 | |
| Delaware | Wilbur L. Adams | 45,771 (46.2%) | John G. Townsend Jr. | 52,829 (53.3%) | 566 | R+7.1 |
| Florida | Park Trammell | 131,780 (100.0%) | none | D+100.0 | ||
| Indiana flip | Sherman Minton | 758,801 (51.5%) | Arthur R. Robinson | 700,103 (47.5%) | 15,708 | D+4.0 |
| Maine | F. Harold Dubord | 138,573 (49.7%) | Frederick Hale | 139,773 (50.1%) | 422 | R+0.4 |
| Maryland flip | George L. Radcliffe | 264,279 (56.1%) | Joseph I. France | 197,643 (42.0%) | 9,190 | D+14.1 |
| Massachusetts | David I. Walsh | 852,776 (59.4%) | Robert M. Washburn | 536,692 (37.4%) | 46,464 | D+22.0 |
| Michigan | Frank A. Picard | 573,574 (47.0%) | Arthur Vandenberg | 626,017 (51.3%) | 20,143 | R+4.3 |
| Minnesota | Einar Hoidale | 294,757 (29.2%) | N.J. Holmberg | 200,083 (19.8%) | Henrik Shipstead (Farmer-Labor) 503,379 (49.9%) |
Ind. +20.7 |
| Mississippi | Theodore Bilbo | 51,709 (100.0%) | none | D+100.0 | ||
| Missouri flip | Harry S. Truman | 787,110 (59.5%) | Roscoe Patterson | 524,954 (39.7%) | 9,812 | D+19.8 |
| Montana | Burton K. Wheeler | 142,823 (70.1%) | George Bourquin | 58,519 (28.7%) | 2,284 | D+41.4 |
| Montana (special) | James E. Murray | 116,965 (59.6%) | Scott Leavitt | 77,370 (39.5%) | 1,779 | D+20.2 |
| Nebraska flip | Edward R. Burke | 305,858 (55.3%) | Robert G. Simmons | 237,126 (42.9%) | 10,171 | D+12.4 |
| Nebraska (special) flip | Richard C. Hunter | 281,421 (56.4%) | J. H. Kemp | 217,106 (43.5%) | 24 | D+12.9 |
| Nevada | Key Pittman | 27,581 (64.5%) | George Malone | 14,273 (33.4%) | 901 | D+31.1 |
| New Jersey flip | A. Harry Moore | 785,971 (57.9%) | Hamilton F. Kean | 554,483 (40.8%) | 16,955 | D+17.1 |
| New Mexico | Dennis Chavez | 74,944 (49.4%) | Bronson Cutting | 76,228 (50.2%) | 690 | R+0.9 |
| New Mexico (special) flip | Carl A. Hatch | 81,934 (54.5%) | Richard C. Dillon | 67,577 (45.0%) | 747 | D+9.6 |
| New York | Royal S. Copeland | 2,046,377 (55.3%) | E. Harold Cluett | 1,363,440 (36.9%) | Norman Thomas (Socialist) 194,952 (5.3%) |
D+18.5 |
| North Dakota | Henry Holt | 104,477 (40.2%) | Lynn J. Frazier | 151,205 (58.2%) | 3,925 | R+18.0 |
| Ohio flip | Vic Donahey | 1,276,206 (59.9%) | Simeon D. Fess | 839,068 (39.4%) | 13,546 | D+20.5 |
| Pennsylvania flip | Joseph F. Guffey | 1,494,001 (50.8%) | David A. Reed | 1,366,877 (46.5%) | 81,270 | D+4.3 |
| Rhode Island flip | Peter G. Gerry | 140,700 (57.1%) | Felix Hebert | 105,545 (42.8%) | 68 | D+14.3 |
| Tennessee | Kenneth McKellar | 195,430 (63.4%) | Ben W. Hooper | 110,401 (35.8%) | 2,443 | D+27.6 |
| Tennessee (special) | Nathan Bachman | 200,249 (80.1%) | none | John Randolph Neal Jr. (Independent) 49,773 (19.9%) |
D+80.1 | |
| Texas | Tom Connally | 437,254 (96.7%) | U.S. Goen | 12,861 (2.8%) | 2,144 | D+93.8 |
| Utah | William H. King | 95,931 (53.1%) | Don B. Colton | 82,154 (45.4%) | 2,707 | D+7.6 |
| Vermont | Fred C. Martin | 63,632 (48.4%) | Warren R. Austin | 67,146 (51.0%) | 774 | R+2.7 |
| Vermont (special) | Harry W. Witters | 20,382 (41.7%) | Ernest W. Gibson | 28,436 (58.2%) | 12 | R+16.5 |
| Virginia | Harry F. Byrd Sr. | 109,963 (76.0%) | Lawrence C. Page | 30,289 (20.9%) | 4,498 | D+55.0 |
| Washington | Lewis Schwellenbach | 302,606 (60.9%) | Reno Odlin | 168,994 (34.0%) | 25,088 | D+26.9 |
| West Virginia flip | Rush D. Holt | 349,882 (55.1%) | Henry D. Hatfield | 281,756 (44.4%) | 2,931 | D+10.7 |
| Wisconsin flip | John M. Callahan | 223,438 (24.2%) | John B. Chapple | 210,569 (22.8%) | Robert M. La Follette Jr. (Progressive) 440,513 (47.8%) |
Ind. +23.6 |
| Wyoming | Joseph C. O'Mahoney | 53,806 (56.6%) | Vincent Carter | 40,819 (43.0%) | 401 | D+13.7 |
| Wyoming (special) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney | 53,859 (56.9%) | Vincent Carter | 40,825 (43.1%) | D+13.8 |
Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Margins are Democrat minus Republican, of all votes. Certified results, from the states' own archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026) and Algara & Amlani (2021). By county: "As they were" draws each county as it stood on election day; "Today's" shares the old votes among today's counties by area. County boundaries: Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5). How these results were checked.