Election 1928 Results
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1928 Senate election results by state and county
Herbert Hoover's landslide over Al Smith helped Republicans win 19 of the Senate seats up and take back a string of seats in the North and border states.
32 Senate races were held in 1928, plus 5 special elections. Democrats won 13 and Republicans 18, and 1 went to neither party.
The closest were New York (D+1.2), Rhode Island (R+1.3) and West Virginia (R+1.5). 10 seats changed party: Delaware to the Republicans, Indiana to the Republicans, Maryland to the Republicans, Massachusetts to the Democrats, Michigan to the Republicans, Missouri to the Republicans, New Jersey to the Republicans, New Mexico to the Republicans, Rhode Island to the Republicans and West Virginia to the Republicans.
Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.
About the 1928 Senate elections
Hoover won 444 electoral votes against New York's Al Smith, the first Catholic nominee of a major party, and even carried several states of the once solid South. Prosperity, Prohibition and religion dominated the campaign. Republicans won 19 Senate seats and Democrats 12, and took seats in states including Delaware, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island and West Virginia. In Rhode Island, Felix Hebert beat Peter Gerry by 1.3 points, and in West Virginia Henry Hatfield unseated Matthew Neely by 1.5 points. Roscoe Patterson won Missouri for the Republicans. Democrats held seats in the West. Burton Wheeler kept Montana, Clarence Dill held Washington, and John Kendrick won Wyoming. In Massachusetts, where Smith ran well among Catholic voters, David Walsh won by more than 8 points. The Republican majority that came out of 1928 was the high point before the Depression.
Every race
| State | Democrat | Votes | Republican | Votes | Others | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | Henry Ashurst | 47,013 (54.2%) | Ralph H. Cameron | 39,651 (45.8%) | D+8.5 | |
| California | Minor Moore | 282,411 (18.2%) | Hiram W. Johnson | 1,148,397 (74.1%) | Charles Hiram Randall (Prohibition) 92,106 (5.9%) |
R+55.9 |
| Connecticut | Augustine Lonergan | 251,429 (45.6%) | Frederic C. Walcott | 296,958 (53.9%) | 3,014 | R+8.3 |
| Delaware flip | Thomas F. Bayard Jr. | 40,828 (39.1%) | John G. Townsend Jr. | 63,725 (60.9%) | R+21.9 | |
| Florida | Park Trammell | 153,816 (68.5%) | Barclay H. Warburton | 70,633 (31.5%) | 2 | D+37.1 |
| Idaho (special) | Chase Clark | 53,399 (36.7%) | John Thomas | 90,922 (62.6%) | 1,016 | R+25.8 |
| Illinois (special) | Anton J. Cermak | 1,315,338 (44.9%) | Otis F. Glenn | 1,594,031 (54.5%) | 17,642 | R+9.5 |
| Indiana flip | Albert Stump | 623,996 (44.1%) | Arthur R. Robinson | 782,144 (55.3%) | 8,300 | R+11.2 |
| Maine | Herbert Holmes | 63,429 (30.4%) | Frederick Hale | 145,501 (69.6%) | R+39.3 | |
| Maryland flip | William C. Bruce | 214,447 (45.2%) | Phillips Goldsborough | 256,224 (54.0%) | 3,396 | R+8.8 |
| Massachusetts flip | David I. Walsh | 818,055 (53.6%) | Benjamin L. Young | 693,563 (45.5%) | 13,335 | D+8.2 |
| Michigan flip | John W. Bailey | 376,592 (27.6%) | Arthur Vandenberg | 977,893 (71.8%) | 7,665 | R+44.1 |
| Michigan (special) flip | John W. Bailey | 375,673 (27.8%) | Arthur Vandenberg | 974,203 (72.0%) | 2,685 | R+44.3 |
| Minnesota | none | Arthur E. Nelson | 342,992 (33.7%) | Henrik Shipstead (Farmer-Labor) 665,169 (65.4%) |
Ind. +31.7 | |
| Mississippi | Hubert Stephens | 111,210 (100.0%) | none | D+100.0 | ||
| Missouri flip | Charles M. Hay | 726,322 (47.9%) | Roscoe Patterson | 787,499 (51.9%) | 3,102 | R+4.0 |
| Montana | Burton K. Wheeler | 103,655 (53.2%) | Joseph M. Dixon | 91,185 (46.8%) | D+6.4 | |
| Nebraska | Richard Metcalfe | 204,737 (38.7%) | Robert B. Howell | 324,014 (61.3%) | R+22.6 | |
| Nevada | Key Pittman | 19,515 (59.3%) | Samuel Platt | 13,414 (40.7%) | D+18.5 | |
| New Jersey flip | Edward I. Edwards | 608,623 (41.8%) | Hamilton F. Kean | 841,752 (57.9%) | 4,252 | R+16.0 |
| New Mexico flip | Jethro S. Vaught | 49,913 (42.3%) | Bronson Cutting | 68,070 (57.7%) | 4 | R+15.4 |
| New Mexico (special) flip | Juan N. Vigil | 51,495 (44.3%) | Octavio A. Larrazolo | 64,623 (55.7%) | R+11.3 | |
| New York | Royal S. Copeland | 2,084,273 (49.1%) | Alanson B. Houghton | 2,034,014 (47.9%) | 128,707 | D+1.2 |
| North Dakota | F.F. Burchard | 38,856 (19.3%) | Lynn J. Frazier | 159,940 (79.6%) | 2,047 | R+60.3 |
| Ohio | Charles V. Truax | 908,953 (39.1%) | Simeon D. Fess | 1,412,805 (60.7%) | 4,448 | R+21.7 |
| Ohio (special) | Graham P. Hunt | 856,807 (37.4%) | Theodore E. Burton | 1,429,554 (62.4%) | 3,451 | R+25.0 |
| Pennsylvania | William N. McNair | 1,029,055 (34.0%) | David A. Reed | 1,948,645 (64.4%) | 49,168 | R+30.4 |
| Rhode Island flip | Peter G. Gerry | 116,234 (49.3%) | Felix Hebert | 119,228 (50.6%) | 313 | R+1.3 |
| Tennessee | Kenneth McKellar | 175,431 (59.3%) | J.A. Fowler | 120,289 (40.7%) | D+18.7 | |
| Texas | Tom Connally | 566,138 (81.2%) | T.M. Kennerly | 130,172 (18.7%) | 804 | D+62.5 |
| Utah | William H. King | 97,436 (55.5%) | Ernest Bamberger | 77,073 (43.9%) | 998 | D+11.6 |
| Vermont | Fred C. Martin | 37,030 (28.4%) | Frank L. Greene | 93,136 (71.5%) | 11 | R+43.1 |
| Virginia | Claude Swanson | 275,425 (99.8%) | none | 436 | D+99.8 | |
| Washington | Clarence C. Dill | 261,524 (53.4%) | Kenneth Mackintosh | 227,415 (46.4%) | 666 | D+7.0 |
| West Virginia flip | Matthew M. Neely | 317,620 (49.2%) | Henry D. Hatfield | 327,266 (50.7%) | 919 | R+1.5 |
| Wisconsin | none | Robert La Follette Jr. | 635,379 (85.6%) | William H. Markham (Independent Republican) 81,302 (10.9%) |
R+85.6 | |
| Wyoming | John B. Kendrick | 43,032 (53.5%) | Charles E. Winter | 37,076 (46.1%) | 333 | D+7.4 |
Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Margins are Democrat minus Republican, of all votes. Certified results, from the states' own archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026) and Algara & Amlani (2021). By county: "As they were" draws each county as it stood on election day; "Today's" shares the old votes among today's counties by area. County boundaries: Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5). How these results were checked.