Election 1912 Results
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1912 presidential election results by state and county
Woodrow Wilson won the presidency with 435 electoral votes as Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party bid split the Republican vote with President William Howard Taft.
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) beat William Howard Taft in 1912, winning 435 electoral votes to 8, with 88 going to Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive). Woodrow Wilson carried 40 states and William Howard Taft 2; Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) carried California, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Washington. Across the states, the Democratic and Republican vote came to 6,296,282 and 3,486,257 (D+18.7 of all votes cast).
The closest states were California (level), Idaho (D+1.1) and Wyoming (D+1.8). 27 states changed party from 1908: California to the third party, Connecticut to the Democrats, Delaware to the Democrats, Idaho to the Democrats, Illinois to the Democrats, Indiana to the Democrats, Iowa to the Democrats, Kansas to the Democrats, Maine to the Democrats, Massachusetts to the Democrats, Michigan to the third party, Minnesota to the third party, Missouri to the Democrats, Montana to the Democrats, New Hampshire to the Democrats, New Jersey to the Democrats, New York to the Democrats, North Dakota to the Democrats, Ohio to the Democrats, Oregon to the Democrats, Pennsylvania to the third party, Rhode Island to the Democrats, South Dakota to the third party, Washington to the third party, West Virginia to the Democrats, Wisconsin to the Democrats and Wyoming to the Democrats.
Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.
About the 1912 presidential election
Roosevelt, unhappy with Taft's presidency, challenged him for the Republican nomination in 1912. When the party convention backed Taft, Roosevelt walked out and ran on the new Progressive ticket, popularly called the Bull Moose Party. Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson, the reforming governor of New Jersey and former president of Princeton. Eugene V. Debs ran for the Socialists and drew about 6 percent. With the Republican vote divided, Wilson won 40 states and 435 electoral votes despite taking only about 42 percent of the popular vote. He carried a long list of normally Republican states, among them New York, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana and Massachusetts, often narrowly: Idaho by 1.7 points, Wyoming by 1.8 and New Hampshire by 2.0. Roosevelt finished second, with 88 electoral votes from six states: California, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Washington. It remains the best result by a third-party candidate in the modern era. Taft, the sitting president, came third and won only Utah and Vermont, for 8 electoral votes. Wilson's victory brought Democrats the White House for the first time since Cleveland, with a program of lower tariffs, a federal income tax and the Federal Reserve.
Every state
| State | Democrat | Votes | Republican | Votes | Others | Margin | EV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Woodrow Wilson | 82,438 (69.9%) | William Howard Taft | 9,807 (8.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 22,680 (19.2%) |
D+61.6 | 12 |
| Arizona | Woodrow Wilson | 10,324 (43.5%) | William Howard Taft | 3,021 (12.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 6,949 (29.3%) |
D+30.8 | 3 |
| Arkansas | Woodrow Wilson | 68,814 (55.0%) | William Howard Taft | 25,585 (20.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 21,644 (17.3%) |
D+34.6 | 9 |
| California flip | Woodrow Wilson | 283,436 (42.1%) | William Howard Taft | 3,914 (0.6%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 283,610 (42.1%) |
Third party +0.0 | 13 |
| Colorado | Woodrow Wilson | 114,232 (42.8%) | William Howard Taft | 58,386 (21.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 72,306 (27.1%) |
D+20.9 | 6 |
| Connecticut flip | Woodrow Wilson | 74,561 (39.2%) | William Howard Taft | 68,324 (35.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 34,129 (17.9%) |
D+3.3 | 7 |
| Delaware flip | Woodrow Wilson | 22,631 (46.5%) | William Howard Taft | 15,998 (32.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 8,886 (18.2%) |
D+13.6 | 3 |
| Florida | Woodrow Wilson | 35,343 (69.5%) | William Howard Taft | 4,279 (8.4%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 4,806 (9.5%) |
D+61.1 | 6 |
| Georgia | Woodrow Wilson | 93,087 (76.6%) | William Howard Taft | 5,191 (4.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 21,985 (18.1%) |
D+72.4 | 14 |
| Idaho flip | Woodrow Wilson | 33,921 (32.1%) | William Howard Taft | 32,810 (31.0%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 25,527 (24.1%) |
D+1.1 | 4 |
| Illinois flip | Woodrow Wilson | 405,048 (35.3%) | William Howard Taft | 253,593 (22.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 386,478 (33.7%) |
D+13.2 | 29 |
| Indiana flip | Woodrow Wilson | 281,890 (43.1%) | William Howard Taft | 151,267 (23.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 162,007 (24.8%) |
D+20.0 | 15 |
| Iowa flip | Woodrow Wilson | 185,325 (37.6%) | William Howard Taft | 119,805 (24.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 161,819 (32.9%) |
D+13.3 | 13 |
| Kansas flip | Woodrow Wilson | 143,663 (39.3%) | William Howard Taft | 74,845 (20.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 120,210 (32.9%) |
D+18.8 | 10 |
| Kentucky | Woodrow Wilson | 219,484 (48.5%) | William Howard Taft | 115,510 (25.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 101,766 (22.5%) |
D+23.0 | 13 |
| Louisiana | Woodrow Wilson | 60,871 (76.8%) | William Howard Taft | 3,833 (4.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 9,283 (11.7%) |
D+72.0 | 10 |
| Maine flip | Woodrow Wilson | 51,113 (39.4%) | William Howard Taft | 26,545 (20.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 48,495 (37.4%) |
D+19.0 | 6 |
| Maryland | Woodrow Wilson | 112,674 (48.6%) | William Howard Taft | 54,956 (23.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 57,789 (24.9%) |
D+24.9 | 8 |
| Massachusetts flip | Woodrow Wilson | 173,408 (35.5%) | William Howard Taft | 155,948 (32.0%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 142,228 (29.1%) |
D+3.6 | 18 |
| Michigan flip | Woodrow Wilson | 150,751 (27.4%) | William Howard Taft | 152,244 (27.6%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 214,584 (38.9%) |
Third party +11.3 | 15 |
| Minnesota flip | Woodrow Wilson | 106,426 (31.8%) | William Howard Taft | 64,334 (19.2%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 125,856 (37.7%) |
Third party +5.8 | 12 |
| Mississippi | Woodrow Wilson | 57,324 (88.9%) | William Howard Taft | 1,560 (2.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 3,549 (5.5%) |
D+86.5 | 10 |
| Missouri flip | Woodrow Wilson | 330,746 (47.3%) | William Howard Taft | 207,821 (29.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 124,375 (17.8%) |
D+17.6 | 18 |
| Montana flip | Woodrow Wilson | 27,941 (35.0%) | William Howard Taft | 18,512 (23.2%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 22,456 (28.1%) |
D+11.8 | 4 |
| Nebraska | Woodrow Wilson | 109,008 (43.7%) | William Howard Taft | 54,226 (21.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 72,681 (29.1%) |
D+22.0 | 8 |
| Nevada | Woodrow Wilson | 7,986 (39.7%) | William Howard Taft | 3,196 (15.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 5,620 (27.9%) |
D+23.8 | 3 |
| New Hampshire flip | Woodrow Wilson | 34,724 (39.5%) | William Howard Taft | 32,927 (37.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 17,794 (20.2%) |
D+2.0 | 4 |
| New Jersey flip | Woodrow Wilson | 178,289 (41.2%) | William Howard Taft | 88,835 (20.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 145,410 (33.6%) |
D+20.7 | 14 |
| New Mexico | Woodrow Wilson | 20,437 (41.4%) | William Howard Taft | 17,733 (35.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 8,347 (16.9%) |
D+5.5 | 3 |
| New York flip | Woodrow Wilson | 655,573 (41.3%) | William Howard Taft | 455,487 (28.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 390,093 (24.6%) |
D+12.6 | 45 |
| North Carolina | Woodrow Wilson | 144,407 (59.2%) | William Howard Taft | 29,129 (11.9%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 69,135 (28.4%) |
D+47.3 | 12 |
| North Dakota flip | Woodrow Wilson | 29,555 (34.1%) | William Howard Taft | 23,090 (26.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 25,726 (29.7%) |
D+7.5 | 5 |
| Ohio flip | Woodrow Wilson | 424,834 (41.0%) | William Howard Taft | 278,168 (26.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 229,807 (22.2%) |
D+14.1 | 24 |
| Oklahoma | Woodrow Wilson | 119,156 (46.9%) | William Howard Taft | 90,786 (35.8%) | Eugene V. Debs (Socialist) 41,674 (16.4%) |
D+11.2 | 10 |
| Oregon flip | Woodrow Wilson | 47,064 (34.3%) | William Howard Taft | 34,673 (25.3%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 37,600 (27.4%) |
D+9.0 | 5 |
| Pennsylvania flip | Woodrow Wilson | 395,637 (32.5%) | William Howard Taft | 273,360 (22.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 444,894 (36.5%) |
Third party +4.0 | 38 |
| Rhode Island flip | Woodrow Wilson | 30,412 (39.0%) | William Howard Taft | 27,703 (35.6%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 16,878 (21.7%) |
D+3.5 | 5 |
| South Carolina | Woodrow Wilson | 48,355 (95.9%) | William Howard Taft | 551 (1.1%) | 1,497 | D+94.8 | 9 |
| South Dakota flip | Woodrow Wilson | 48,942 (42.1%) | none | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 58,811 (50.6%) |
Third party +8.5 | 5 | |
| Tennessee | Woodrow Wilson | 133,021 (52.8%) | William Howard Taft | 60,475 (24.0%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 54,041 (21.5%) |
D+28.8 | 12 |
| Texas | Woodrow Wilson | 221,589 (72.6%) | William Howard Taft | 26,755 (8.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 28,853 (9.5%) |
D+63.9 | 20 |
| Utah | Woodrow Wilson | 36,579 (32.5%) | William Howard Taft | 42,100 (37.5%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 24,174 (21.5%) |
R+4.9 | 4 |
| Vermont | Woodrow Wilson | 15,354 (24.4%) | William Howard Taft | 23,332 (37.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 22,132 (35.2%) |
R+12.7 | 4 |
| Virginia | Woodrow Wilson | 90,332 (65.9%) | William Howard Taft | 23,288 (17.0%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 21,776 (15.9%) |
D+49.0 | 12 |
| Washington flip | Woodrow Wilson | 86,840 (26.9%) | William Howard Taft | 70,445 (21.8%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 113,698 (35.2%) |
Third party +8.3 | 7 |
| West Virginia flip | Woodrow Wilson | 113,197 (42.1%) | William Howard Taft | 56,754 (21.1%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 79,112 (29.4%) |
D+21.0 | 8 |
| Wisconsin flip | Woodrow Wilson | 164,230 (41.1%) | William Howard Taft | 130,596 (32.7%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 62,448 (15.6%) |
D+8.4 | 13 |
| Wyoming flip | Woodrow Wilson | 15,310 (36.2%) | William Howard Taft | 14,560 (34.4%) | Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive) 9,232 (21.8%) |
D+1.8 | 3 |
Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Margins are Democrat minus Republican, of all votes. Certified results, from the states' own archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026) and Algara & Amlani (2021). Maine and Nebraska are shown whole, without their district votes. By county: "As they were" draws each county as it stood on election day; "Today's" shares the old votes among today's counties by area, so its county detail is an estimate. County boundaries: Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5). How these results were checked.