Election 1994 Results
Each election opens in its own mode: the forecast before the votes are counted, the live count while races are still too close to call, and the results once every race is decided.
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1994 Senate election results by state and county
Republicans won 19 of the Senate seats up and gained eight in the 1994 wave, taking control of the Senate and the House from Bill Clinton's Democrats.
33 Senate races were held in 1994, plus 2 special elections. Democrats won 14 and Republicans 19.
The closest were California (D+1.9), Pennsylvania (R+2.5) and Virginia (D+2.7). 7 seats changed party: Arizona to the Republicans, California to the Democrats, Maine to the Republicans, Michigan to the Republicans, Ohio to the Republicans, Tennessee to the Republicans and Texas to the Republicans.
Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.
About the 1994 Senate elections
Two years into Clinton's presidency, the failure of his health care plan, a tax increase and gun control measures had energized conservative voters. Republicans won both houses of Congress for the first time since the 1950s. In the Senate, they won 19 races to the Democrats' 14 and gained eight seats without losing any of their own. The day after the election, Alabama's Richard Shelby switched to the Republican Party, bringing the new majority to 53-47. Republicans took open seats in Arizona with Jon Kyl, Maine with Olympia Snowe, Michigan with Spencer Abraham, Ohio with Mike DeWine, and Oklahoma with Jim Inhofe. In Tennessee, Bill Frist beat Jim Sasser and Fred Thompson won the state's other seat. In Pennsylvania, Rick Santorum unseated Harris Wofford by 2.5 points. Democrats held two hard-fought races. In California, Dianne Feinstein beat Michael Huffington by 1.9 points after one of the most expensive Senate campaigns to that date. In Virginia, Charles Robb beat Oliver North, the central figure of the Iran-Contra affair, by 2.7 points.
Every race
| State | Democrat | Votes | Republican | Votes | Others | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona flip | Sam Coppersmith | 442,510 (39.5%) | Jon Kyl | 600,999 (53.7%) | Scott Grainger (Libertarian) 75,493 (6.7%) |
R+14.2 |
| California flip | Dianne Feinstein | 3,979,152 (46.7%) | Michael Huffington | 3,817,025 (44.8%) | 717,912 | D+1.9 |
| Connecticut | Joseph I. Lieberman | 723,842 (67.0%) | Jerry Labriola | 334,833 (31.0%) | 20,989 | D+36.0 |
| Delaware | Charles M. Oberly | 84,540 (42.5%) | William V. Roth, Jr. | 111,074 (55.8%) | 3,386 | R+13.3 |
| Florida | Hugh E. Rodham | 1,210,577 (29.5%) | Connie Mack | 2,895,200 (70.5%) | 1,039 | R+41.0 |
| Hawaii | Daniel K. Akaka | 256,189 (71.8%) | Maria M. Hustace | 86,320 (24.2%) | 14,393 | D+47.6 |
| Indiana | James Jontz | 470,799 (30.5%) | Richard G. Lugar | 1,039,625 (67.4%) | 33,144 | R+36.9 |
| Maine flip | Thomas H. Andrews | 186,042 (36.4%) | Olympia J. Snowe | 308,244 (60.2%) | 17,447 | R+23.9 |
| Maryland | Paul S. Sarbanes | 809,125 (59.1%) | William Brock | 559,908 (40.9%) | 68 | D+18.2 |
| Massachusetts | Edward M. Kennedy | 1,265,997 (58.1%) | W. Mitt Romney | 894,000 (41.0%) | 19,948 | D+17.1 |
| Michigan flip | Bobb Carr | 1,300,960 (42.7%) | Spencer Abraham | 1,578,770 (51.9%) | 163,655 | R+9.1 |
| Minnesota | Ann Wynia | 781,860 (44.1%) | Rod Grams | 869,653 (49.1%) | Dean Barkley (Independence) 95,400 (5.4%) |
R+5.0 |
| Mississippi | Ken Harper | 189,752 (31.2%) | Trent Lott | 418,333 (68.8%) | R+37.6 | |
| Missouri | Alan Wheat | 633,697 (35.7%) | John Ashcroft | 1,060,149 (59.7%) | 81,270 | R+24.0 |
| Montana | Jack Mudd | 131,845 (37.6%) | Conrad R. Burns | 218,542 (62.4%) | R+24.7 | |
| Nebraska | J. Robert Kerrey | 317,297 (54.8%) | Jan Stoney | 260,668 (45.0%) | 1,240 | D+9.8 |
| Nevada | Richard H. Bryan | 193,804 (50.9%) | Hal Furman | 156,020 (41.0%) | 30,706 | D+9.9 |
| New Jersey | Frank Lautenberg | 1,033,487 (50.3%) | Chuck Haytaian | 966,244 (47.0%) | 55,156 | D+3.3 |
| New Mexico | Jeff Bingaman | 249,989 (54.0%) | Colin R. McMillan | 213,025 (46.0%) | 182 | D+8.0 |
| New York | Patrick Moynihan | 2,646,541 (55.2%) | Bernadette Castro | 1,988,308 (41.5%) | 155,487 | D+13.7 |
| North Dakota | Kent Conrad | 137,157 (58.0%) | Ben Clayburgh | 99,390 (42.0%) | D+16.0 | |
| Ohio flip | Joel Hyatt | 1,348,213 (39.2%) | Mike DeWine | 1,836,556 (53.4%) | Joe Slovenec (Independent) 252,031 (7.3%) |
R+14.2 |
| Oklahoma (special) | Dave McCurdy | 392,488 (40.0%) | James M. Inhofe | 542,390 (55.2%) | 47,552 | R+15.3 |
| Pennsylvania | Harris Wofford | 1,648,481 (46.9%) | Rick Santorum | 1,735,691 (49.4%) | 129,189 | R+2.5 |
| Rhode Island | Linda J. Kushner | 122,532 (35.5%) | John H. Chafee | 222,856 (64.5%) | R+29.1 | |
| Tennessee flip | Jim Sasser | 623,164 (42.1%) | Bill Frist | 834,226 (56.4%) | 23,001 | R+14.3 |
| Tennessee (special) flip | Jim Cooper | 565,930 (38.6%) | Fred Thompson | 885,998 (60.4%) | 13,934 | R+21.8 |
| Texas flip | Richard Fisher | 1,639,615 (38.3%) | Kay Bailey Hutchison | 2,604,218 (60.8%) | 36,107 | R+22.5 |
| Utah | Patrick A. Shea | 146,938 (28.3%) | Orrin G. Hatch | 357,297 (68.8%) | 15,069 | R+40.5 |
| Vermont | Jan Backus | 85,868 (40.6%) | Jim Jeffords | 106,505 (50.3%) | Gavin T. Mills (Independent) 12,465 (5.9%) |
R+9.8 |
| Virginia | Chuck Robb | 938,376 (45.6%) | Oliver North | 882,213 (42.9%) | J. Marshall Coleman (Independent) 235,324 (11.4%) |
D+2.7 |
| Washington | Ron Sims | 752,352 (44.3%) | Slade Gorton | 947,821 (55.7%) | R+11.5 | |
| West Virginia | Robert C. Byrd | 290,495 (69.0%) | Stan Klos | 130,441 (31.0%) | D+38.0 | |
| Wisconsin | Herb Kohl | 912,662 (58.3%) | Robert T. Welch | 636,989 (40.7%) | 15,977 | D+17.6 |
| Wyoming | Mike Sullivan | 79,287 (39.3%) | Craig Thomas | 118,754 (58.9%) | 3,669 | R+19.6 |
Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Margins are Democrat minus Republican, of all votes. Certified results, from the states' own archives, the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Heideman (2026) and Algara & Amlani (2021). How these results were checked.