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United States · Election results history · 1988 president · Iowa
Election 1988 Results

Each election opens in its own mode: the forecast before the votes are counted, the live count while races are still too close to call, and the results once every race is decided.

1988 presidential election in Iowa

Michael Dukakis (Democrat) beat George H. W. Bush (Republican) in Iowa in 1988, 54.7% to 44.5%, a margin of 10.2 points and 125,202 votes.

Iowa voted 17.9 points more Democratic than the country as a whole, where the margin was R+7.7.

Iowa changed party: in 1984 it went Republican, for Ronald Reagan.

Democrats led in 75 of the 99 counties as they stood then and Republicans in 24. The largest, Polk, cast 143,144 votes and went to the Democrat by 18.6 points. The closest was Jefferson, where 20 votes separated the two parties.

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Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.

Result

CandidatePartyVotesShare
Michael Dukakis won Democratic 670,557 54.7%
George H. W. Bush Republican 545,355 44.5%
All other candidates 9,702 0.8%
Total1,225,614

Every county

CountyDemocratRepublicanOthersTotalMargin
Polk 84,476 59.0% 57,854 40.4% 814 143,144 D+18.6
Linn 42,993 56.0% 33,129 43.2% 596 76,718 D+12.9
Scott 34,415 52.1% 31,025 47.0% 595 66,035 D+5.1
Black Hawk 31,657 56.4% 24,112 42.9% 402 56,171 D+13.4
Johnson 28,759 64.4% 15,453 34.6% 435 44,647 D+29.8
Woodbury 20,153 51.4% 18,790 47.9% 282 39,225 D+3.5
Dubuque 23,797 61.7% 14,530 37.7% 220 38,547 D+24.0
Story 19,051 57.5% 13,782 41.6% 272 33,105 D+15.9
Pottawattamie 14,958 46.2% 17,193 53.1% 254 32,405 R+6.9
Clinton 12,549 54.6% 10,243 44.5% 210 23,002 D+10.0
Cerro Gordo 12,857 57.5% 9,358 41.8% 150 22,365 D+15.6
Des Moines 11,593 59.8% 7,652 39.5% 129 19,374 D+20.3
Marshall 9,760 55.6% 7,657 43.6% 132 17,549 D+12.0
Webster 10,267 59.0% 6,926 39.8% 200 17,393 D+19.2
Lee 10,911 63.1% 6,228 36.0% 151 17,290 D+27.1
Warren 9,627 59.7% 6,424 39.8% 80 16,131 D+19.9
Jasper 8,940 56.8% 6,703 42.6% 90 15,733 D+14.2
Wapello 10,177 64.9% 5,350 34.1% 146 15,673 D+30.8
Muscatine 7,059 50.1% 6,904 49.0% 139 14,102 D+1.1
Sioux 2,923 22.0% 10,270 77.3% 95 13,288 R+55.3
Marion 6,922 53.4% 5,914 45.7% 118 12,954 D+7.8
Dallas 7,501 60.4% 4,858 39.1% 60 12,419 D+21.3
Boone 7,232 61.9% 4,381 37.5% 73 11,686 D+24.4
Fayette 5,304 51.6% 4,921 47.8% 62 10,287 D+3.7
Bremer 4,961 49.1% 5,079 50.3% 59 10,099 R+1.2
Benton 5,873 58.9% 4,011 40.2% 93 9,977 D+18.7
Plymouth 4,220 43.9% 5,316 55.3% 71 9,607 R+11.4
Mahaska 4,451 47.8% 4,798 51.5% 71 9,320 R+3.7
Carroll 5,437 58.6% 3,701 39.9% 135 9,273 D+18.7
Kossuth 5,088 55.9% 3,938 43.2% 81 9,107 D+12.6
Hardin 5,088 56.5% 3,856 42.8% 57 9,001 D+13.7
Buena Vista 4,580 51.9% 4,170 47.3% 75 8,825 D+4.6
Winneshiek 4,443 50.9% 4,194 48.1% 88 8,725 D+2.9
Poweshiek 4,876 56.5% 3,683 42.7% 66 8,625 D+13.8
Buchanan 4,778 57.4% 3,495 42.0% 48 8,321 D+15.4
Clayton 4,320 52.4% 3,839 46.6% 83 8,242 D+5.8
Jackson 4,864 59.1% 3,237 39.3% 132 8,233 D+19.8
Jones 4,641 56.7% 3,496 42.7% 48 8,185 D+14.0
Tama 4,584 57.2% 3,362 42.0% 66 8,012 D+15.3
Clay 4,173 53.0% 3,641 46.3% 56 7,870 D+6.8
Henry 3,754 48.4% 3,951 50.9% 53 7,758 R+2.5
Floyd 4,377 56.6% 3,266 42.2% 90 7,733 D+14.4
Washington 3,776 49.6% 3,741 49.1% 99 7,616 D+0.5
Hamilton 4,156 55.5% 3,277 43.7% 61 7,494 D+11.7
Cedar 4,032 53.9% 3,373 45.1% 74 7,479 D+8.8
Delaware 3,947 53.1% 3,425 46.1% 60 7,432 D+7.0
Crawford 3,868 52.9% 3,375 46.2% 68 7,311 D+6.7
Jefferson 3,594 49.3% 3,614 49.5% 88 7,296 R+0.3
Dickinson 3,342 47.1% 3,678 51.8% 81 7,101 R+4.7
O'Brien 2,768 39.1% 4,241 60.0% 63 7,072 R+20.8
Cass 2,934 42.1% 3,962 56.9% 72 6,968 R+14.8
Cherokee 3,574 52.1% 3,218 46.9% 63 6,855 D+5.2
Page 2,185 32.1% 4,583 67.4% 35 6,803 R+35.2
Iowa 3,338 49.9% 3,247 48.6% 100 6,685 D+1.4
Butler 2,593 42.2% 3,523 57.3% 30 6,146 R+15.1
Chickasaw 3,530 57.5% 2,549 41.5% 57 6,136 D+16.0
Appanoose 3,209 52.7% 2,779 45.6% 100 6,088 D+7.1
Wright 3,353 55.4% 2,658 43.9% 43 6,054 D+11.5
Union 3,236 53.6% 2,751 45.5% 54 6,041 D+8.0
Harrison 2,883 47.8% 3,108 51.6% 36 6,027 R+3.7
Allamakee 2,768 46.2% 3,186 53.1% 41 5,995 R+7.0
Madison 3,421 58.4% 2,410 41.1% 31 5,862 D+17.2
Shelby 2,806 47.9% 3,019 51.5% 35 5,860 R+3.6
Winnebago 2,804 49.2% 2,863 50.2% 36 5,703 R+1.0
Grundy 2,211 38.9% 3,433 60.4% 38 5,682 R+21.5
Hancock 2,831 50.6% 2,731 48.8% 31 5,593 D+1.8
Calhoun 2,990 54.3% 2,474 44.9% 41 5,505 D+9.4
Palo Alto 3,377 61.8% 2,041 37.4% 45 5,463 D+24.5
Mills 2,092 39.0% 3,212 59.8% 65 5,369 R+20.9
Humboldt 2,713 50.6% 2,594 48.4% 50 5,357 D+2.2
Lyon 1,706 32.4% 3,517 66.8% 41 5,264 R+34.4
Mitchell 2,870 54.7% 2,338 44.5% 43 5,251 D+10.1
Keokuk 2,899 55.4% 2,278 43.6% 53 5,230 D+11.9
Greene 3,011 58.3% 2,091 40.5% 62 5,164 D+17.8
Montgomery 1,898 37.2% 3,166 62.1% 36 5,100 R+24.9
Sac 2,613 51.5% 2,411 47.5% 53 5,077 D+4.0
Guthrie 2,910 58.4% 2,005 40.2% 68 4,983 D+18.2
Emmet 2,778 55.8% 2,173 43.7% 26 4,977 D+12.2
Franklin 2,594 52.4% 2,320 46.9% 37 4,951 D+5.5
Pocahontas 2,722 58.5% 1,871 40.2% 59 4,652 D+18.3
Monona 2,408 53.6% 2,068 46.0% 15 4,491 D+7.6
Louisa 2,268 51.8% 2,060 47.0% 52 4,380 D+4.7
Howard 2,330 53.9% 1,970 45.5% 25 4,325 D+8.3
Lucas 2,454 57.8% 1,776 41.9% 13 4,243 D+16.0
Adair 2,261 54.8% 1,833 44.5% 29 4,123 D+10.4
Worth 2,440 61.3% 1,488 37.4% 54 3,982 D+23.9
Clarke 2,262 57.5% 1,631 41.5% 41 3,934 D+16.0
Davis 2,246 58.4% 1,563 40.6% 40 3,849 D+17.7
Ida 1,787 47.3% 1,951 51.6% 41 3,779 R+4.3
Monroe 2,338 63.8% 1,313 35.8% 16 3,667 D+28.0
Decatur 2,192 60.4% 1,406 38.8% 29 3,627 D+21.7
Fremont 1,547 43.9% 1,946 55.2% 34 3,527 R+11.3
Wayne 1,988 57.2% 1,467 42.2% 22 3,477 D+15.0
Audubon 1,863 55.3% 1,478 43.8% 30 3,371 D+11.4
Van Buren 1,612 48.4% 1,692 50.7% 30 3,334 R+2.4
Taylor 1,671 50.2% 1,647 49.4% 14 3,332 D+0.7
Osceola 1,277 39.1% 1,951 59.8% 36 3,264 R+20.6
Ringgold 1,609 58.9% 1,110 40.6% 12 2,731 D+18.3
Adams 1,283 53.9% 1,080 45.4% 17 2,380 D+8.5

Counties as they stood in 1988; some have since been split, merged or renamed. Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Sources and how the results were checked.

Iowa in every presidential election we hold

YearWinnerMargin
2024 Donald Trump (R) R+13.2
2020 Donald Trump (R) R+8.2
2016 Donald Trump (R) R+9.4
2012 Barack Obama (D) D+5.8
2008 Barack Obama (D) D+9.5
2004 George W. Bush (R) R+0.7
2000 Al Gore (D) D+0.3
1996 Bill Clinton (D) D+10.3
1992 Bill Clinton (D) D+6.0
1988 Michael Dukakis (D) D+10.2
1984 Ronald Reagan (R) R+7.4
1980 Ronald Reagan (R) R+12.7
1976 Gerald Ford (R) R+1.0
1972 Richard Nixon (R) R+17.1
1968 Richard Nixon (R) R+12.2
1964 Lyndon B. Johnson (D) D+24.0
1960 Richard Nixon (R) R+13.5
1956 Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) R+18.4
1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) R+28.2
1948 Harry S. Truman (D) D+2.7
1944 Thomas E. Dewey (R) R+4.5
1940 Wendell Willkie (R) R+4.4
1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) D+11.7
1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) D+17.7
1928 Herbert Hoover (R) R+24.2
1924 Calvin Coolidge (R) R+38.4
1920 Warren G. Harding (R) R+45.4
1916 Charles Evans Hughes (R) R+12.0
1912 Woodrow Wilson (D) D+13.3
1908 William Howard Taft (R) R+15.0
1904 Theodore Roosevelt (R) R+32.7
1900 William McKinley (R) R+18.6
1896 William McKinley (R) R+12.6
1892 Benjamin Harrison (R) R+5.3
1888 Benjamin Harrison (R) R+7.8
1884 James G. Blaine (R) R+5.2
1880 James A. Garfield (R) R+24.1
1876 Rutherford B. Hayes (R) R+20.2
1872 Ulysses S. Grant (R) R+23.1
1868 Ulysses S. Grant (R) R+23.8