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United States · Election results history · 1988 president · Virginia
Election 1988 Results

Each election opens in its own mode: the forecast before the votes are counted, the live count while races are still too close to call, and the results once every race is decided.

1988 presidential election in Virginia

George H. W. Bush (Republican) beat Michael Dukakis (Democrat) in Virginia in 1988, 59.7% to 39.2%, a margin of 20.5 points and 449,363 votes.

Virginia voted 12.8 points more Republican than the country as a whole, where the margin was R+7.7.

The Republican hold continued from 1984, when Ronald Reagan won.

Republicans led in 110 of the 136 counties as they stood then and Democrats in 26. The largest, Fairfax, cast 328,365 votes and went to the Republican by 22.8 points. The closest was Lexington, where 3 votes separated the two parties.

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Early projection, based on early and incomplete polling: the likely matchups, each weighted by the betting markets' odds of both nominations, not a result. Each county is its 2024 presidential margin moved by its state's projected swing; set a national vote and every state, district and county moves by the same amount from our projection. Colours run in 100 steps from a safe Republican to a safe Democratic margin. Boundaries: US Census Bureau.

Result

CandidatePartyVotesShare
George H. W. Bush won Republican 1,309,162 59.7%
Michael Dukakis Democratic 859,799 39.2%
All other candidates 22,648 1.0%
Total2,191,609

Every county

CountyDemocratRepublicanOthersTotalMargin
Fairfax 125,711 38.3% 200,641 61.1% 2,013 328,365 R+22.8
Virginia Beach 33,780 30.4% 76,481 68.9% 757 111,018 R+38.5
Henrico 26,980 30.0% 62,284 69.3% 623 89,887 R+39.3
Chesterfield 18,723 24.0% 58,828 75.3% 532 78,083 R+51.4
Arlington 40,314 53.5% 34,191 45.4% 860 75,365 D+8.1
Richmond 42,155 56.4% 31,586 42.3% 995 74,736 D+14.1
Norfolk 37,778 54.8% 30,538 44.3% 575 68,891 D+10.5
Prince William 19,198 32.3% 39,654 66.7% 601 59,453 R+34.4
Newport News 21,413 39.4% 32,570 59.9% 412 54,395 R+20.5
Chesapeake 18,828 38.5% 29,738 60.9% 289 48,855 R+22.3
Alexandria 24,358 53.2% 20,913 45.7% 533 45,804 D+7.5
Hampton 19,106 43.6% 24,034 54.8% 678 43,818 R+11.2
Portsmouth 19,698 54.6% 16,087 44.6% 274 36,059 D+10.0
Roanoke 12,938 36.8% 22,011 62.6% 208 35,157 R+25.8
Roanoke 17,185 52.4% 15,389 46.9% 239 32,813 D+5.5
Loudoun 10,101 32.7% 20,448 66.3% 313 30,862 R+33.5
Hanover 5,985 22.4% 20,570 77.0% 163 26,718 R+54.6
Albemarle 10,363 40.2% 15,117 58.7% 273 25,753 R+18.5
Lynchburg 8,279 34.6% 15,323 64.0% 324 23,926 R+29.4
Montgomery 8,909 41.5% 12,326 57.5% 209 21,444 R+15.9
Danville 7,353 37.0% 12,221 61.5% 300 19,874 R+24.5
Pittsylvania 6,612 34.4% 12,229 63.7% 360 19,201 R+29.3
Henry 7,536 40.2% 10,871 58.0% 322 18,729 R+17.8
Rockingham 4,716 25.9% 13,241 72.6% 284 18,241 R+46.7
Suffolk 8,080 45.0% 9,742 54.3% 128 17,950 R+9.3
Stafford 5,380 30.4% 12,234 69.1% 98 17,712 R+38.7
Augusta 4,170 23.6% 13,251 75.1% 213 17,634 R+51.5
Campbell 4,574 26.1% 12,713 72.5% 246 17,533 R+46.4
Washington 5,819 34.4% 10,722 63.4% 358 16,899 R+29.0
Fauquier 4,837 28.8% 11,733 69.9% 226 16,796 R+41.1
Spotsylvania 5,486 33.1% 10,978 66.2% 129 16,593 R+33.1
Bedford 5,406 33.0% 10,702 65.3% 274 16,382 R+32.3
York 4,639 29.2% 11,103 70.0% 129 15,871 R+40.7
Tazewell 8,098 52.4% 7,165 46.4% 190 15,453 D+6.0
James City 4,642 33.7% 8,945 64.9% 186 13,773 R+31.2
Frederick 3,707 27.0% 9,921 72.3% 89 13,717 R+45.3
Charlottesville 7,671 56.2% 5,817 42.6% 164 13,652 D+13.6
Wise 7,017 52.4% 6,189 46.2% 180 13,386 D+6.2
Franklin 5,734 43.2% 7,391 55.7% 136 13,261 R+12.5
Petersburg 8,177 64.9% 4,231 33.6% 183 12,591 D+31.3
Shenandoah 3,276 27.3% 8,612 71.7% 116 12,004 R+44.5
Smyth 3,989 34.0% 7,446 63.5% 292 11,727 R+29.5
Pulaski 4,686 40.0% 6,844 58.4% 189 11,719 R+18.4
Accomack 4,443 38.5% 6,926 60.0% 173 11,542 R+21.5
Gloucester 3,372 30.2% 7,646 68.4% 163 11,181 R+38.2
Buchanan 6,935 63.2% 3,912 35.7% 118 10,965 D+27.6
Russell 6,222 57.9% 4,374 40.7% 157 10,753 D+17.2
Amherst 3,567 35.1% 6,507 64.1% 77 10,151 R+29.0
Halifax 4,282 42.3% 5,671 56.0% 171 10,124 R+13.7
Carroll 3,190 33.1% 6,377 66.2% 70 9,637 R+33.1
Isle Of Wight 3,747 38.9% 5,779 60.1% 95 9,621 R+21.1
Botetourt 3,763 39.2% 5,687 59.3% 141 9,591 R+20.1
Salem 3,760 39.5% 5,694 59.8% 73 9,527 R+20.3
Mecklenburg 3,275 35.3% 5,887 63.5% 116 9,278 R+28.2
Wythe 3,201 34.7% 5,827 63.2% 197 9,225 R+28.5
Fairfax 3,430 37.7% 5,576 61.3% 95 9,101 R+23.6
Lee 4,906 54.2% 4,080 45.1% 59 9,045 D+9.1
Scott 3,616 41.2% 4,986 56.8% 183 8,785 R+15.6
Manassas 2,658 30.5% 5,980 68.6% 81 8,719 R+38.1
Culpeper 2,555 29.7% 5,896 68.6% 148 8,599 R+38.9
Staunton 2,457 29.5% 5,775 69.3% 102 8,334 R+39.8
Harrisonburg 2,799 33.8% 5,376 64.9% 113 8,288 R+31.1
Dinwiddie 3,405 44.5% 4,165 54.4% 89 7,659 R+9.9
Colonial Hts. 1,581 20.7% 6,001 78.6% 56 7,638 R+57.9
Dickenson 4,461 58.7% 3,091 40.6% 52 7,604 D+18.0
Warren 2,769 36.4% 4,700 61.9% 129 7,598 R+25.4
Page 2,499 33.0% 5,013 66.2% 63 7,575 R+33.2
Prince George 2,469 32.9% 4,982 66.3% 64 7,515 R+33.4
Hopewell 2,566 34.9% 4,672 63.5% 122 7,360 R+28.6
Orange 2,592 36.9% 4,319 61.6% 104 7,015 R+24.6
Bristol 2,446 35.5% 4,407 63.9% 42 6,895 R+28.4
Winchester 2,300 33.5% 4,497 65.5% 65 6,862 R+32.0
Waynesboro 2,038 30.0% 4,672 68.7% 89 6,799 R+38.7
Louisa 2,789 41.6% 3,831 57.2% 82 6,702 R+15.5
Giles 3,042 45.8% 3,490 52.5% 116 6,648 R+6.7
Southampton 3,000 46.2% 3,439 53.0% 54 6,493 R+6.8
Grayson 2,441 37.8% 3,968 61.5% 42 6,451 R+23.7
Caroline 3,186 50.6% 3,065 48.7% 41 6,292 D+1.9
Martinsville 2,794 44.6% 3,360 53.6% 110 6,264 R+9.0
Patrick 2,093 33.6% 3,990 64.1% 146 6,229 R+30.5
Fredericksburg 2,683 43.6% 3,401 55.3% 70 6,154 R+11.7
Rockbridge 2,412 39.8% 3,541 58.4% 109 6,062 R+18.6
Goochland 2,209 36.7% 3,765 62.6% 39 6,013 R+25.9
Brunswick 3,070 52.2% 2,742 46.6% 72 5,884 D+5.6
Prince Edward 2,434 42.6% 3,147 55.0% 139 5,720 R+12.5
Powhatan 1,467 26.5% 4,040 72.9% 34 5,541 R+46.4
Nottoway 2,217 40.2% 3,161 57.4% 131 5,509 R+17.1
Westmoreland 2,311 43.0% 2,974 55.4% 85 5,370 R+12.3
Lancaster 1,551 30.8% 3,380 67.0% 112 5,043 R+36.3
Appomattox 1,740 34.5% 3,205 63.6% 95 5,040 R+29.1
Falls Church 2,484 49.8% 2,470 49.5% 35 4,989 D+0.3
Northampton 2,242 45.5% 2,562 52.0% 123 4,927 R+6.5
Alleghany 2,316 47.0% 2,555 51.9% 55 4,926 R+4.9
Nelson 2,272 46.9% 2,502 51.6% 75 4,849 R+4.7
Poquoson 877 18.5% 3,840 80.8% 34 4,751 R+62.4
Floyd 1,727 36.5% 2,921 61.7% 87 4,735 R+25.2
Charlotte 1,923 40.9% 2,699 57.4% 77 4,699 R+16.5
Northumberland 1,506 32.9% 2,984 65.1% 91 4,581 R+32.3
Lunenburg 1,870 41.6% 2,530 56.3% 96 4,496 R+14.7
Buckingham 1,941 43.4% 2,481 55.5% 49 4,471 R+12.1
New Kent 1,427 32.6% 2,917 66.5% 40 4,384 R+34.0
Radford 1,855 42.5% 2,481 56.8% 29 4,365 R+14.3
King William 1,561 35.9% 2,735 62.9% 53 4,349 R+27.0
King George 1,519 36.6% 2,587 62.4% 40 4,146 R+25.8
Mathews 1,235 30.3% 2,752 67.5% 89 4,076 R+37.2
Fluvanna 1,562 38.5% 2,447 60.3% 50 4,059 R+21.8
Madison 1,427 35.4% 2,501 62.1% 98 4,026 R+26.7
Clarke 1,478 36.8% 2,502 62.2% 40 4,020 R+25.5
Middlesex 1,361 33.9% 2,571 64.0% 86 4,018 R+30.1
Sussex 1,958 50.3% 1,822 46.8% 116 3,896 D+3.5
Greensville 2,083 55.8% 1,610 43.1% 40 3,733 D+12.7
Amelia 1,359 37.8% 2,187 60.9% 48 3,594 R+23.0
Essex 1,294 38.5% 2,038 60.6% 33 3,365 R+22.1
Williamsburg 1,534 47.4% 1,648 50.9% 55 3,237 R+3.5
Greene 899 27.9% 2,234 69.3% 91 3,224 R+41.4
Franklin 1,630 50.8% 1,557 48.5% 23 3,210 D+2.3
Cumberland 1,132 35.8% 1,978 62.6% 49 3,159 R+26.8
Covington 1,567 53.8% 1,274 43.7% 74 2,915 D+10.1
Surry 1,602 55.3% 1,246 43.0% 51 2,899 D+12.3
Richmond 924 32.9% 1,862 66.2% 25 2,811 R+33.4
King And Queen 1,309 48.0% 1,376 50.5% 42 2,727 R+2.5
Charles City 1,839 68.1% 826 30.6% 35 2,700 D+37.5
Rappahannock 1,003 37.3% 1,657 61.7% 26 2,686 R+24.3
South Boston 936 35.4% 1,694 64.0% 15 2,645 R+28.7
Bland 937 36.8% 1,556 61.1% 53 2,546 R+24.3
Bedford 960 41.2% 1,322 56.8% 46 2,328 R+15.5
Emporia 977 42.9% 1,289 56.6% 11 2,277 R+13.7
Galax 907 41.2% 1,278 58.1% 15 2,200 R+16.9
Bath 881 40.7% 1,273 58.7% 13 2,167 R+18.1
Lexington 997 49.3% 994 49.1% 33 2,024 D+0.1
Craig 864 43.1% 1,112 55.5% 29 2,005 R+12.4
Buena Vista 828 41.4% 1,121 56.1% 50 1,999 R+14.7
Clifton Forge 961 55.3% 759 43.6% 19 1,739 D+11.6
Manassas Park 434 30.0% 993 68.7% 19 1,446 R+38.7
Norton 795 55.9% 608 42.7% 20 1,423 D+13.1
Highland 456 35.5% 807 62.8% 23 1,286 R+27.3

Counties as they stood in 1988; some have since been split, merged or renamed. Margin: the Democrat's share of all votes minus the Republican's. Sources and how the results were checked.

Virginia in every presidential election we hold

YearWinnerMargin
2024 Kamala Harris (D) D+5.8
2020 Joe Biden (D) D+10.1
2016 Hillary Clinton (D) D+5.3
2012 Barack Obama (D) D+3.9
2008 Barack Obama (D) D+6.3
2004 George W. Bush (R) R+8.2
2000 George W. Bush (R) R+8.0
1996 Bob Dole (R) R+2.0
1992 George H. W. Bush (R) R+4.4
1988 George H. W. Bush (R) R+20.5
1984 Ronald Reagan (R) R+25.2
1980 Ronald Reagan (R) R+12.7
1976 Gerald Ford (R) R+1.3
1972 Richard Nixon (R) R+37.7
1968 Richard Nixon (R) R+10.9
1964 Lyndon B. Johnson (D) D+7.4
1960 Richard Nixon (R) R+5.5
1956 Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) R+17.0
1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) R+13.0
1948 Harry S. Truman (D) D+6.8
1944 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) D+25.0
1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) D+36.5
1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) D+40.8
1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) D+38.4
1928 Herbert Hoover (R) R+8.0
1924 John W. Davis (D) D+29.7
1920 James M. Cox (D) D+23.7
1916 Woodrow Wilson (D) D+35.2
1912 Woodrow Wilson (D) D+48.9
1908 William Jennings Bryan (D) D+22.2
1904 Alton B. Parker (D) D+24.8
1900 William Jennings Bryan (D) D+11.5
1896 William Jennings Bryan (D) D+6.6
1892 Grover Cleveland (D) D+17.5
1888 Grover Cleveland (D) D+0.5
1884 Grover Cleveland (D) D+2.2
1880 Winfield Scott Hancock (D) D+21.1
1876 Samuel J. Tilden (D) D+19.2
1872 Ulysses S. Grant (R) R+1.0